Tiriti o Waitangi - Nga Take - The Te Reo Maori (Maori Language) Claim Kāinga Pānuitia te Tiriti Wātaka Orokohanga Raumei Whakataunga Tiriti Ngā Take Mahere Pae Reo Pākehā   Tāngata Ingoa Nui Kupu Ake He Mapi Rerenga Ngā FAQ Whakamārama Kei tĒnei wĀhanga Take 2: Te Take mŌ te Reo MĀori He hīkoi e whakahau ana kia whakamanaia te reo Māori, i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, i te wiki o te reo Māori, 1980. Te Kohinga o te Dominion Post, ATL EP/1980/2470/20A-F © Image copyright conditions Ka haria te Pitihana mō te reo Māori ki te Whare Pāremata i te tau 1972. Fairfax Sunday Newspapers: Auckland Star collection © Image copyright conditions Ko Piripi Walker (taha matau) rāua ko Tama Te Huki i te rūma pāpāho o te reo irirangi Māori o Te Upoko o Te Ika i Pōneke, i te rā i tīmata ai āna pāhotanga. Te Kohinga o te Dominion Post, ATL EP/1987/2071/8-F © Image copyright conditions Ngā kaiwhakahaere waea i te Tari Whakawhiti Waea i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara i ngā tau i muri i te tau 1940. Pikitia: ATL 1/2-C-01291 © Image copyright conditions Kaiāwhina Kui Bella, me te whakatupuranga hou o te hunga kōrero Māori i te wāhanga reo rua o te Kura o Waiwhetū. Te Kohinga o te Dominion Post, Te Whare Pukapuka o Arekahānara Huripūru EP/1981/2155/3-F © Image copyright conditions Ētahi mema tokorua o Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti, a Chief Judge Taihākurei Durie (taha mauī) rāua ko Paul Temm QC, e toro ana i tētahi kōhanga reo i Waiwhetū, i te Awakairangi. Te Kohinga o te Evening Post, ATL EP/1985/2942/15-F © Image copyright conditions Ko ngā Ōpango e haka ana 1920-1940. Pikitia: ATL 1/2-051869-F © Image copyright conditions Ko Dun Mihaka, te kaiwhakaara take, e tū ana i waho i te whare Pāremata, i te puninga o ngā kaihīkoi mō te whenua i te Whare Pāremata, i te tau 1976. Pikitia: ATL EP/1976/0355/23A-F © Image copyright conditions Ko Marama Ormsby (taha mauī) rāua ko Erina Hurihanganui, he toa i ngā whakataetae Manu Kōrero i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara. Pikitia: ATL EP/1985/3345/18-F © Image copyright conditions Te whakarewanga tūturu o te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Māori, e te Minita mō ngā Take Māori, e Koro Wetere. Mai i te taha mauī, ko Ray Harlow, rātou ko Tākuta Timoti Karetu, ko Ātirīkona Kingi Ihaka, ko Koro Wetere, ko Katerina Mataira, ko Anita Moke. Pikitia: ATL EP/1987/4271/18-F © Image copyright conditions Ko Huirangi Waikerepuru, te kaiwhakatakoto whakapae i te take o te reo Māori e kīa nei ko Wai 11, i te whakarewanga o te Pouaka Whakaata Māori, i Tāmaki-Makau-Rau, 2004 Pikitia: Māori Television © Image copyright conditions I roto i te take mō Te Reo Māori (Wai 11) o te tau 1985 i whakapaetia ko te reo Māori tētahi taonga nui, me mātua tiaki e te Karauna i raro i te Upoko Tuarua o te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ka whakapaetia kua hapa ngā mahi a te Karauna, nā tana kore e tiaki i te reo, nā reira kua hē āna mahi i raro i te Tiriti. Ko te inoi a ngā kaiwhakapae kia whakamanaia te reo Māori, i ngā mahi whakapaoho, i te mātauranga, i ngā mahi hauora me ngā Tari Kāwanatanga whānui tonu. Ka whakawākia te take mō te kotahi marama i te tau 1986, ā, ka puta te pūrongo a te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti e kīia nei te Te Reo Māori Report. I whakaae te Rōpū ki tā ngā kaiwhakapae, ka whakahau kia whakaurua mai ētahi tikanga ā-ture, ā -kaupapa here hoki hei whakatikatika i te noho o te reo. He take torowhānui He māmā noa te āhua o te take mō Te Reo Māori, engari he whānui anō ōna hua, tae atu ki te whanaketanga o ngā kura kaupapa, o ngā wānanga Māori, o ngā reo irirangi ā-iwi maha, me te tīmatatanga o te pouaka whakaata Māori. Ko te take mō Te Reo Māori he tauira o te momo "he take e pā ana ki te katoa" – kāore e pā ana ki te hapū kotahi, ki te iwi kotahi rānei. Ahakoa i takea mai i ngā mahi onamata, ko tōna aronga ko ngā mahi o nāianei, o ngā tau kei mua i te aroaro hoki e tika ana hei tiaki, hei whakatairanga i te reo Māori, kāpā ia mō te iwi Māori anake engari (ki tā te Minita mō ngā take Māori, ki a Koro Wetere i ana kōrero ki te Whare Pāremata i te tau 1987), "mō te motu katoa". Te heke me te whakarauoratanga mai I tāmia te reo Māori i roto i ngā kura mō te hia tekau tau, kia taea ai te iwi Māori te “whakakotahi" mai ki te iwi nui tonu. I heke te reo i te rironga o ngā kaikōrero matatau pakeke ki te Pō, me te nekehanga o te tini o ngāi Māori ki ngā tāone nunui i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Kia tae mai ki ngā tau 1970, ka pēnei te tini tangata, i te matemate haere te reo. Ka tupu he momo rōpū hou, he rōpū noho tāone, ko tā rātou mahi he whakatairanga i te reo Māori, ā, i te tau 1973 nā te rōpū o Ngā Tamatoa i pitihana te Whare Pāremata kia whakatairanga i te reo. Ko ētahi atu o ngā kōkiri: te whakatuwheratanga o te kura reo reo-rua whaimana tuatahi o Aotearoa i Ruātoki i te Urewera, i te tau 1978 te whakakitenga o te pānui “Koha” i te tau 1980, he pānui hāwhe-haora te roa te whakatuwheratanga o te kōhanga reo tuatahi i Aotearoa i Waiwhetū, i te Awakairangi, i Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, i te tau 1982. Te tautohetohe mō kia ora Ahakoa rā, he tautohetohe anō i ētahi wā. Nō te tau 1984 ka nuku mai te kaiwhakahaere waea a Naida Glavish (o Ngāti Whātua) ki te whare whakawhiti waea ā-motu o Tāmaki-makau-rau, ka heria mai e ia āna kupu whakamihi o ia rā ki ngā kaiwaea mai, arā, te "Kia ora". Nā tētahi rangatira hou i tana mahi ia i whakahau, me haere ko ngā mihi reo Pākehā, ngā mihi tōtika nei, anake. Nō te whakakāhoretanga a Naida ki tana tono, ka whakahekea tōna mana i tana tūranga, ka hoatu he mahi whakahaere anake. Ahakoa rā, nō te pānuitanga o ngā mahi ki te ao, ka tautokona a Naida e te iwi whānui. I tīmata ngā kaiwhakatere rererangi ki te mihi i te  "Kia ora" ina mihia ā rātou pāhihi, nā te kaitito nā Carl Doy tētahi waiata i tito, ko te ingoa ko "Kia Ora", ā, i waea atu te iwi o waho ki te whare whakawhiti waea ki te kōrero ki te "wahine kia ora". I muri i te tahuritanga a te Pirimia a Robert Muldoon ki te hāpai i tāna take, ka whakahokia a Naida ki tōna tūranga, ka whakapikia tonutia atu ki te whare whakawhiti kōrero ki tāwāhi, i haere tonu ai āna whakaputanga i te "Kia ora". Ka noho ko tēnei raruraru me te hekenga o te reo pūtake o te take mō te reo Māori 1985. Ko ngā whakawākanga o Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi Ko ngā mema o Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti ko te Tiāti o Te Kōti Matua a Edward Taihākurei Durie, te tiamana o te Kaunihera Māori a Tā Kereama Latimer, me te rōia rongonui (he tiāti i muri) a Paul Temm. I whakamāramatia ki a rātou e 50,000 noa iho ngā kaikōrero i te reo Māori i te ora tonu – āhua 12 ōrau o te iwi Māori, he kaumātua te nuinga. Nō te tau 1975 rā anō e 5 ōrau noa iho o ngā tamariki kura Māori i matatau ki te kōrero Māori. Ka whakaputa ngā kaiwhakatakoto kōrero ki te Rōpū i te whakataukī: "Ka ngaro te reo, ka ngaro tāua, pērā i te ngaro o te moa." (If the language be lost, man will be lost, as dead as the moa.) Kua ngaro te moa, engari mehemea he whai take te whakaora i ngā manu i mōrearea te noho pēnei i te takahē, he painga tonu tō te whakarauora i te reo me te ahurea i tautokona ai e ia? Te wāhi ki te reo me ngā tikanga Māori I roto i ngā whakawā i kōrero nuitia te wāhi nui whakahirahira o te Māoritanga i roto i te ahurea o Aotearoa, hei wāhi nui o ana āhuatanga tuku iho. I kōrerotia tōna tohu, te koru o Air New Zealand, te hakanga a ngā Ōpango i te haka a Te Rauparaha, ngā pōwhiri ki ngā manuhiri a te Kāwanatanga me te wāhi nui o te Māoritanga hei pōwhiri i te maha o te tūruhi peka mai ki Aotearoa. Ko te kōrero i hokia nuitia kāore te ahurea e tupu, e ora, mehemea kāore ōna reo. Nā te hōia o te Ope Rua Tekau mā Waru, rangatira hoki o Ngā Puhi, nā Tā Hēmi Hēnare tēnei i whakatakoto: “Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Māori. Ki te hemo te reo, pērā i ētahi e matapae nei, he aha he tānga manawa mā tātou? Kātahi au ka pātai ki taku iwi, ko wai tātou? Te whakawhiu i roto i ngā kura He nui tonu ngā kaumātua i kōrero ki te Rōpū Whakamana mō ngā wā i whiua ai rātou ina kōrero Māori i te kura. Nā Te Tari Mātauranga te kī kāore ōna kaupapa here hei tāmi i te reo Māori, engari i kī a Tā Hēmi Hēnare ki te Rōpū: “Kāore e taea ngā āhuatanga pono te whakahē. Mehemea kāore kau he kaupapa here, he tino kirimana whai mana nā te ngutu rangatira i whakarite, i aua wā!” Ka maumahara ia mō ngā rā i tonoa ai ia kia haere ki te ngahere ki te tapahi i te pirita, kātahi ia ka haua ki te pirita e te kaiako mō te kōrero Māori i ngā papa whenua o te kura. I āta tuhi anō te Rūnanga ko te hiahia anake o ngā kaiako nāna aua whakawhiu i whakamana, kia tino mōhio ā rātou ākonga ki te kōrero Pākehā i te mutunga o ō rātou rā i te kura. Kāore pea aua kaiako, i whakahau rā kia kōrero Pākehā ngā ākonga i te kura, i āta mōhio ka raru te reo Māori i ērā mahi, nā te mea ko te reo Māori te reo o te tini o ngā kāinga Māori me ngā hapori i te haurua tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau. Nā tētahi kaiako i kī ki a Tā Hēmi: “Ko te reo Pākehā te reo parāoa, te reo kai pata, ā, ki te hiahia koe kia riro i a koe tētahi parāoa, pata rānei, me ako koe ki te kōrero i te reo Pākehā i te tuatahi.” I kī te Rūnanga ko tērā whakaaro he hua nō te wā i whakaarotia ai me whakapākehā katoa te Māori ki roto i te ia o te ao Pākehā. Te pōteretere ki roto i ngā tāone I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua II kāore te tini o ngā kaikōrero Māori i tuku i te reo Māori ki ā rātou tamariki. Kāore hoki rātou i hiahia kia raru ā rātou tamariki i ngā whakawhiu me ngā taimahatanga i utaina ki runga ki a rātou i te kura. Nā te heke o te tini o ngā Māori ki ngā tāone noho ai, i hiahia rātou kia whanake ā rātou tamariki kia tino ora ai i reira. I te tupuranga ake o ngā tamariki i te tāone i waenganui i te reo Pākehā, tino iti noa te rongo o te rangatahi noho tāone i tō rātou reo i reira. I tirohia e te Rūnanga ngā taunakitanga a te tohunga wetereo a Tākuta Richard Benton, e kore te tio e ora i roto i te moana kua nui haere ōna paihana, arā, kua hē mō te noho ora o te tio, nā he pērā hoki te oranga o te reo i ngā tāone. Ka whakaputaina e Te Rūnanga ana whakaaro, kāore e ora, ka memeha atu te reo Māori, mehemea kāore he taiao whakaahuru i a ia:  “Tēnei mea te reo, he taonga ā-pāpori i te tuatahi. Kāore tētahi reo e ora i tētahi taiao korehau.” I tere tonu te tupu o ngā kōhanga reo, nā reira i whakapōroritia ai te heke; kia tae ki te tau 1985 e 416 ngā kōhanga reo. Engari i kite anō ngā mātua, he tere tonu te ngaro o te reo o ā rātou tamariki i te hounga atu ki ngā kura reo Pākehā. Te Tiriti me te ture Hei whakaahua i te uauatanga, i tuhi anō te Rōpū “kāore te tangata Māori e āhei te kōrero i te reo Māori i roto i ngā Kōti o Aotearoa, mehemea e mōhio ana ki te kōrero Pākehā.” He hua tēnei nā tētahi take i whakawākia i te tau 1979, mō te tangata whawhai mō ngā motika Māori, a Dun Mihaka. Ka whakakāhore te Kōti ā-Rohe kia kōrero ia ki te Kōti ki te reo Māori, ā, ka pīra ki te Kōti Matua, i te tau 1980, ki te Kōti Pīra. Ka whakawhirinaki ia ki te Tiriti o Waitangi hei tautoko i ana kōrero, koia anō tōna rōia. Ahakoa i whakaae te Kōti Pīra “he kaupapa nui ki te iwi o Aotearoa te whakamahinga o te reo Māori”, kāore te Tiriti i whai mana ki runga i tēnei take. Ka whakatūria tāna whakatau e te Kōti ki runga i ngā ture tuku iho o Ingarangi, i whai mana ki Aotearoa, i muri i te tau 1840. Nā te Rūnanga hoki i waitohu ko te ture nāna i whakamana te kōrerotanga i te reo Pākehā i ngā Kōti, i takea mai i te tau 1362. Ko tāna mahi he tiaki i ngā kaikōrero reo Pākehā kia kaua e tāmia i raro i te Kāwanatanga Nāmana, i haere mai i whenua kē, me ana whakahau kia kōrero i te reo Wīwī o te hunga rangatira o reira. Ki te titiro a ngā kaiwhakapae Māori "he rerekē anō kia whakahaua taua ture e ono rau tau i muri mai, hei tiaki i te reo o te kāwanatanga (Ingarihi) kia whai mana ki runga i te reo ake o Aotearoa (te reo Māori)". Nā te Hēkeretari mō ngā Ture nā Stanley James Callaghan i kī ki te Rōpū, ki te whakakāhore tonutia te motika kia kōrero Māori i roto i ngā kōti "ka ara ake pea he nawe mau tonu i te whatumanawa, e raru ai te mana o ngā kōti ki te titiro a ētahi tāngata Māori." “I te āhua taupatupatu te ture ki ngā kaupapa kākano rua o tō tātou whenua i Waitangi i te tau 1840" e ai ki a ia. He wāhi mō ngā reo e rua I whakaae te Rūnanga, i roto i ana kitenga ko te whāinga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi "he whai kia kitea he wāhi mō ngā iwi e rua i roto i tēnei whenua". Ko tāna pātai mehemea ka taea ngā kī taurangi o te Tiriti te whakatutuki “mehemea kāore he wāhi mō te reo o tētahi o ngā hoa i roto i te Tiriti.” Ki te titiro a te iwi Māori, hei waitohu te wāhi mō tōna reo i runga i te mata o te whenua i te tūranga o te iwi tonu.” I āhua tautoko anō te Kāporeihana Whakapaoho o Aotearoa i ētahi wāhanga o te take. Ka tīkina e ngā rōia o te Kāporeihana ki tētahi pepa ā-ture nā Professor R. Q. Quentin-Baxter. I kōrerotia te wāhi nui o te Māoritanga, me te ngāwari haeretanga o ētahi o ngā taimahatanga i kawea ai te iwi Māori i roto i ngā tau. “ Mehemea he otinga mō Aotearoa hei whenua motuhake, kaua hei moutere tītohea motuhake nō Ahitereiria, koia tēnei i te tuatahi, he noho hei tūtakitakitanga ēnei moutere o ētahi iwi nunui e rua…” Ehara ngā mahi kua oti i te tino mutunga mai o te pai engari, kāore he whenua pai ake te haere i te ao nei, kāore e pai mō te ao kia ngaro tēnei whenua me ōna āhuatanga papai.” I kī a Quentin-Baxter nā ngā kaiwhakanoho whenua Pākehā i Aotearoa i mau mai ngā "mea katoa i tō rātou taha, hāunga ia ngā wehenga rangatira me ngā wehenga ware o Ingarangi me Ūropi". Koirā te āhua i takea mai ai “te hiahia, e mōhio nuitia ana i Aotearoa, e kauwhautia nei e te Māori…kia noho ōrite ngā tikanga, kia taurite ngā whāinga wāhi.” I whakaae te Rōpū Whakamana āe, koirā tā te hunga whakapae i rapurapu ai, ā, "kāore he tangata whakaaro rangatira i Aotearoa e whakakāhore i tā te Māori e tono nei". Ngā whakautu ki te kerēme I āta titiro te Rōpū ki ētahi o ngā whakapuaki whakahē ki te kaupapa whakamana i te reo Māori. Kei roto i ēnei whakahē ētahi whakapuaki pēnei: He nui tonu ngā tāngata Māori e mōhio ana ki te kōrero Pākehā, nā reira hei aha te whakamana. He whakapai kanohi noa iho te whakamana i te reo. Kāore te reo Māori e kaha ki te noho tika i te ao hou. Ehara te reo Māori i te reo nō ngā whenua o te ao. Ka matemate noa atu ngā reo moroiti, kia kaua e utaina te reo hei whakapōraruraru i te iwi nui. Ka tauwehe ngā iwi o Aotearoa i te reo Māori. Ko te whakautu a te Rōpū Whakamana e kore te tini tangata e whakapōreareatia, ki te whakamanaia te reo Māori, ko te Māori anake te hunga ka āhei kia whakamahi i te reo. Ki te titiro o te Rōpū ko te reo Māori he reo kakama ki te huri, he reo hanga kupu hou. Ka whakamārama te Rōpū, ki te titiro ki ngā āhuatanga o te whakamana i ētahi reo iti, kua tino ora mai aua reo i muri, kua matomato anō te tupu i Wēra, i Pehiamu, i Hinerangi, i Huitene, me Kānata. Ka mutu, ka kī te Rūnanga he mahi tauwehe i ngā iwi te uta i te reo, i te ahurea rānei o tētahi, ki runga anō i tētahi. Mā te whakamana i ngā reo me ngā ahurea e rua ka piki ake te whāinga mana o ngā taha e rua. Ngā tohutohu a Te Rōpū Whakamana Ko tētahi o ngā mahi matua a te Rōpū he tohutohu huarahi hei whai mā te Kāwanatanga hei whakatikatika i ngā hē i raro i te Tiriti. Ko āna tohutohu e rima ēnei: Kia whakamanaia he ture e taea ai te reo Māori te whakamahi i roto i ngā kōti, i ngā mahi tahitanga ki te Kāwanatanga, ā-rohe, ā-motu hoki. Kia whakatūria he rōpū i raro i te ture hei “tiaki, hei penapena hoki i te whakamahinga i te reo Māori.” Kia wherawherahia te akoranga o te reo Māori kia “taea ai e ngā tamariki katoa te reo Māori te ako, me i hiahia rātou kia ako.” Kia mahara te Karauna ki te here i raro i te Tiriti, mō ngā mahi whakapaoho “kia whakamanaia, kia tiakina hoki te reo Māori.” Kia tohua ko te mōhio ki te kōrero Māori, me te kōrero Pākehā hoki tētahi mōhiotanga matua mō ētahi tūranga i ngā tari Kāwanatanga, e “whakaaetia ai e te kaikomihana he mea nui, he mea pai rānei kia pēnei.” He hurihanga whānui tonu Nā te Ture mō Te Reo Māori 1987 i whakauru ētahi o ēnei tūtohutanga. I whakapuaki te Ture ko te reo Māori tētahi reo whai mana mō Aotearoa. I whakatūria hoki Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori i raro i taua Ture "hei whakatairanga i te reo Māori hei reo ora, hei reo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa.” I whai mai ētahi atu āhuatanga hou. Nā Te Ture Mātauranga 1989 i whakamana, i whakatairanga hoki ngā kura kaupapa Māori me ngā wānanga. Nā te hoko o ētahi o ngā rawa whakapaoho o te Kāwanatanga mai i te tau 1990 i ara ake ai ētahi atu whakapae ki te kōti me ētahi atu kerēme i raro i te Tiriti (WAI 26, WAI 150, me WAI 776). I whai anō ēnei kia nui atu te wāhi mō te reo Māori i roto i ngā mahi whakapaoho. Nā konei ka puta ai ētahi whakaritenga hou mō ngā mahi pāpāho Māori. Ka whakaurua he aratuku reo irirangi mō te iwi Māori, ka whakatūria Te Māngai Pāho i te tau 1993, me tētahi pouaka whakaata Māori motuhake. I tīmata mai ēnei hīkoinga katoa i te kerēme mō Te Reo Māori, me te karanga kia riro mā te Karauna e tiaki, e whakatairanga te reo Māori. Tērā hoki te kōrero a Koro Wetere i roto i te taukumekume mō te Pire mō Te Reo Māori i te tau 1987, i mōhio anō te Kāwanatanga i raro i te Tiriti “ me āta mahi nui anō ia ki te tiaki i tā tātou taonga, te kahurangi nui a tō tātou iwi…” Mā te whakamana i te reo ka noho anō ia i tōna tūranga tika i te korowai o ngā Ture taketake o te whenua, hei wāhi mō te tupuranga mai o tētahi whenua kākano rua.   Te Ōrau o ngĀ tĀngata MĀori ka taea e rĀtou te kŌrero i roto i te reo MĀori, i ia rohe, i ia rohe RĀRANGI TOHU 0-15 ōrau o te taupori Māori, whakaaturanga ā-rohe 16-20 ōrau o te taupori Māori, whakaaturanga ā-rohe 21-25 ōrau o te taupori Māori, whakaaturanga ā-rohe 26-30 ōrau o te taupori Māori, whakaaturanga ā-rohe 31-40 ōrau o te taupori Māori, whakaaturanga ā-rohe Information Source: Te Puni Kōkiri, 'Māori Regional Diversity', 2001. Kimi KIMI MĀRIRE Kāore e arohia ngā tohutō i roto i ngā mahi kimi. NGĀ HONO E HĀNGAI ANA • Tāngata Ingoa Nui • Te Puni Kokiri • Archives New Zealand © 2005 - 2006. Kāinga | Pānuitia te Tiriti | Wātaka | Orokohanga | Rauemi | Whakataunga Tiriti |  Ngā Take | Mahere Pae Reo Pākehā | Tāngata Ingoa Nui | Kupu Ake | He Mapi | Rerenga | Ngā FAQ | Whakāmarama Me mātua whakaae te rangatira me te kaipupuri manatārua i mua i te whakamahinga anō o ētahi whakaahua o te pae tukutuku nei. Me mātua whakaae te Whare Pukapuka o Alexander Turnbull, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, i mua i te whakamahinga anō o ā rātou whakaahua. Kia kitea ai te roanga atu o ngā kōrero mō ngā whakaahua a ATL, whakatakotoria te kiore ki runga ake i ngā whakaahua.