He Kupu Ārahi Te A me te O Ngā Kaiwhakatika John Moorfield, Hēmi Kelly & Rachael Ka‘ai-Mahuta 2 I whakaputaina tuatahitia i te tau 2019 He mea whakaputa e Te Ipukarea Te Ipukarea Te Whare Aronui o Tāmaki Makau Rau Pūrangi Motuhake 92006 Tāmaki Makau Rau 1142 © Te Ipukarea - The National Māori Language Institute ISBN 978-1-927184-59-2 (Online) He mea hoahoa te uhi e Tristan Marler Nō Te Rarawa ia 3 Rarangi kupu He kupu ārahi......................................................................................................................................... 5 Tuakana, teina, tungāne, tuahine .......................................................................................................... 7 Uri ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 Hoa ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Wahine, tāne ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Manuhiri ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Tangata................................................................................................................................................. 12 Ngā tautōhito (rōia, tākuta, tohunga, kaikaute pūtea, kaiwhakaako, arā atu, arā atu) ....................... 13 Puku (mō te wahine e hapū ana) ......................................................................................................... 14 Tūroro ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Tūpāpaku ............................................................................................................................................. 16 Mate ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 Taonga .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Koha...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Ngā tūmomo waka ............................................................................................................................... 20 Hōiho .................................................................................................................................................... 21 Whāinga ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Hiahia, wawata, tūmanako .................................................................................................................. 23 Whakaaro .............................................................................................................................................. 24 Aroha .................................................................................................................................................... 25 Whanonga ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Ngā mahi a te tinana ............................................................................................................................ 27 Pūkenga ................................................................................................................................................ 28 Hapa ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Hē ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Tikanga, ritenga ................................................................................................................................... 31 Kawa ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Ture ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Ngā ingoa wāhi .................................................................................................................................... 34 Huarahi (ara) ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Hau ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 Te wai māori (hei inu) .......................................................................................................................... 37 Te wai māori (hei whakarite) ............................................................................................................... 37 Te wai māori (hei horohoroi) ............................................................................................................... 38 Moko..................................................................................................................................................... 39 Waitohu ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Whakakakara ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Hopi ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 Pani ngutu ............................................................................................................................................ 43 Mōhiti ................................................................................................................................................... 44 4 Niho horihori ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Wati....................................................................................................................................................... 46 Ngā tūmomo pēke (pāhi, pīkau, wāreti, tueke, arā atu, arā atu) ......................................................... 47 Hamarara .............................................................................................................................................. 48 Tāora .................................................................................................................................................... 49 Tītaora .................................................................................................................................................. 50 Haki (kara) ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Pae tukutuku ........................................................................................................................................ 52 Pukamata .............................................................................................................................................. 53 Īmēra .................................................................................................................................................... 54 Tau waea .............................................................................................................................................. 55 Tau pēke ............................................................................................................................................... 55 Tau ākonga ........................................................................................................................................... 55 Tohu mātauranga ................................................................................................................................. 56 Raihana ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Mārena .................................................................................................................................................. 58 Te (tūmahi) a/o te (tūingoa) ................................................................................................................ 59 Te tangi a/o te (tūingoa)...................................................................................................................... 60 Te haerenga a/o te (tūingoa) ............................................................................................................... 61 Te kitenga o/a… .................................................................................................................................. 62 5 He kupu ārahi Ētahi whakamārama mō te whakamahinga o te ‘a’ me te ‘o’. o tā ngā pūriro iti nei he whakaatu i te āhua o te hononga i waenganui i ētahi mea e rua, ā, i roto i ngā tau kua whakaputa ētahi mātanga reo i ētahi rauemi whaitake e whakamārama ana i te ‘a’ me te ‘o’ me kore e mau i te hunga ako tēnei āhuatanga ahurei o te reo Māori. Arā ētahi kupu whāiti e rite tonu ana te pātaihia e taua hunga mehemea ko te ‘a’, ko te ‘o’ rānei te pūriro tika i te taha o aua kupu. Nō te tau 2016 i hui mai ai a Te Haumihiata Mason rātou ko Hēni Jacob, ko Leon Heketū Blake, ko Pānia Papa, ko Kārena Kelly ki te wānanga ki te whakatau i aua pātai. He mea karanga tēnei hunga e Te Ipukarea i runga i te rētō me te whānui o ō rātou mōhiotanga ki ngā mokamoka o te reo me ā rātou nā mahi whakaako i te reo. Nā John (Te Murumāra) Moorfield rātou ko Hēmi Kelly, ko Rachael Ka’ai-Mahuta o Te Ipukarea te hui i whakahaere. Ko tā te hunga nei he matapaki i ngā kupu kua oti kē te whakakao, i ngā tikanga me ngā whakamahinga o aua kupu i roto i ngā horopaki huhua. I ētahi kupu, i wawe te whakatau a te rōpū i runga i te kotahi o te whakaaro. I ētahi atu kupu, i āhua roa e wānanga ana, e tautohe ana nā te rerekē o ngā whakaaro o tēnā me tēnā, me te aha, nā konā i puta ai tētahi whakatau kotahi, ētahi whakatau e rua rānei. Ko te tohutohu nui i rite tonu te puta mai i roto i te wānanga hei manatu mā te hunga e ako ana i te reo, kia kaua e whāiti noa iho ngā whakaaro ki te kupu ake, engari kia whakaarohia, i ngā wā katoa, te horopaki o te kōrero – mā reira e kitea ai ko tēhea pūriro e tika ana, inā hoki, e taea ana ngā mea e rua i te nuinga o te wā. Hei tauira: a) Tokohia ngā tamariki a Hana? o) Tokohia ngā tamariki o te kura? I te tauira tuatahi, ko Hana te whaea o ngā tamariki, nā reira i whakamahia ai te pūriro ‘a’ hei whakaatu i taua hononga. I te tauira tuarua, ka kīia ngā tamariki he wāhanga nō te kura, nā reira i whakamahia ai te pūriro ‘o’ hei whakaatu i taua hononga. Kāti, he wā tōna ka noho pea ngā mea katoa hei wāhanga nō tētahi atu mea, nō reira kāore e tino whakakitea ana tēnā tūmomo tauira o te whakamahinga i konei. Hāunga tēnā whakatūpato, arā ētahi kupu ruarua noa iho nei kei konei e herea ana ki te ‘a’ ki te ‘o’ rānei ahakoa te horopaki. Ko tētahi atu tohutohu i puta, kia kaua te ākonga e pōhēhē he tika ake te whakamahi i ngā kupu ōkawa i ngā kupu ōpaki e kīia ana he kupu herekore, pēnei i te ‘tō’ (mō te tāu/tōu), i te ‘taku’ (mō te tāku/tōku) me te ‘tana’ (mō te tāna/tōna). E rua, e rua ēnei ara he tika, kāore hoki e huri te tikanga o te kōrero. K 6 He wā ōna, i roto i te wānanga, i toro te ringa ki te wherawhera i ngā tuhinga o mua, pēnei i ngā niupepa Māori, me kore noa e kitea he māramatanga atu anō i reira. He nui ngā wā i kitea ngā pūriro e rua i te taha o te kupu kotahi, heoi anō i te nuinga o te wā i kaha ake te kitea o tētahi. Ka mahara te hinengaro, he tino take rānei i whakamahia ai ngā pūriro e rua i aua tauira, he aronga kē, he aronga kē? He hē noa iho rānei nō te patopatotia i pērā ai? Ko ētahi o ēnei whakamahinga me whānui ake te rangahau e tau mai ai he māramatanga. Ka mutu tā te rōpū whakahaere whakapūhangaiti i ngā kōrero, ka karangahia tētahi hui anō, ā, ka hui mai ko Tā Tīmoti Kāretu rātou ko Te Haumihiata Mason, ko Hēni Jacob, ko Hēmi Kelly, ko Rachael Ka’ai-Mahuta ki te whakaū i ngā kōrero e rārangi iho nei. Kāti, anei ētahi whakamārama mō ngā whakamahinga o te ‘a’ me te ‘o’ i te taha o ētahi kupu whāiti hei ārahi i te hunga e whai ana i te reo Māori me ōna tikanga. 7 Tuakana, teina, tungāne, tuahine O – Nā, ahakoa e ōku tuākana, tēina iti te mihi, e pai ana, i iti atu ki runga ki te kupu kotahi, ki te aroha (Te Tiupiri 1899:2:61). O – Kei te pukapuka anō tēnei a T. Turi. p. 46, nā Te Kātene Aupōuri ngā kupu. E kīia ana i reira he tangi nā Te Aungira mō tōna tungāne mō Tako Tarapehu. Ki te kōrero a Hōri Kīngi mā mō te tungāne o Te Aungira mō Hōhaia Tarapehu (Te Reo o Aotearoa 1929:92). O – E Hoani, ehara māua ko tōku tuahine i a Tainui, kāore māua i ngaki kai ki Kāwhia (Te Waka Maori o Niu Tirani 1873:9:5). He rite te hanga o te whakapapa ki te rākau. Katoa ngā mea o tētahi peka kei te taumata kotahi, arā, te tuakana, te teina, te tungāne me te tuahine, he ‘o’ katoa ēnei mea. Kia piki ake ki taumata kē, he ‘o’ tonu, kia heke iho he ‘a’. Me titiro rawa te reanga o te tangata me te whanaungatanga ōna ki a koe. Kaua e waiho mā te pakeke o te tangata ngā whakaaro e ārahi, nō ahurea kē taua tirohanga. 8 Uri O – Te uri o Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, nāna i taotao te nuku roa o Hawaiki (Te Toa Takitini 1926:63). Kitea ai te ‘uri o Mea’ me te ‘uri a Mea’ i ngā tuhinga o mua, engari e kaha ake ana te kitea o te tauira tuatahi. He kupu motuhake te uri i te mea kāore e hāngai ana te whakamārama kei runga ake nei mō te rākau whakapapa. Hei tā ētahi, ahakoa te reanga, ahakoa uri whakaheke, uri whanaunga rānei, ka noho tonu te pūriro ‘o’ hei hoa haere mō taua kupu. A – Nāna tēnei whakaoriori mō tāna tamaiti, mō te uri a Raeroa, i puta ki te ao (Te Reo o Aotearoa 1929:90). Ki ētahi, mehemea he uri whanaunga, ka whakamahia te ‘o’, me he uri whakaheke, pēnei i te tamaiti, i te mokopuna rānei, ka whakamahia kētia te ‘a’. 9 Hoa O – E kore koe e pai ko koe hei hoa mōku? (Ko te Karere Māori 1860:7:13). He nui ngā tūmomo hoa i te reo Māori, arā, te hoariri, te hoa mahi, te hoa rangatira, te hoa wahine, te hoa tāne me te huhua noa atu. Ahakoa pēhea nei te āhua o te hoa, ko te pūriro ‘o’ te hoa haere mō tēnei kupu. He whakamihi, he whakarangatira kei muri i te kupu nei, ā, he oranga anō mōu kei ō hoa, tae atu rā ki tō hoariri, tō hoa taihoa ka hinga i a koe. Hei tā ētahi, mā te ‘a’ me te ‘o’ e whakaatu ngā hononga rerekē kei waenganui i ētahi ‘hoa’. Hei tauira: • He hoa tāne ēnei nōku, engari ko tāku hoa tāne kei te kāinga. Kua whakawehea pēneitia hei tautuhi i te rerekē o te hononga i waenganui i te kaikōrero me ngā hoa tāne whānui me tōna hoa tāne pūmau. Engari, e mōhiotia ana nō nāianei tēnei whakamahinga. Mō te taha ki te hoa pūmau, i roto i ngā tuhinga o mua, e whāiti ana te whakamahinga o te ‘hoa tāne’ me te ‘hoa wahine’ ki te makau, arā, ki te hoa pūmau, kāore i whānui ake i tērā. Engari ki te makere te kupu ‘hoa’, ka noho kau mai ko te kupu ‘wahine’, ko te kupu ‘tāne’ rānei, ā, hei reira kua hoki ki te ‘a’. Nā te whakamahinga noa iho o te kupu ‘hoa’ i ‘o’ ai. 10 Wahine, tāne A – E pēhea te whakaaro o ngā tamariki mehemea ko te tāne a tō rātou kōkā ehara i tō rātou pāpā, ko te wahine rānei a tō rātou pāpā ehara i tō rātou kōkā? (Te Pipiwharauroa 1904:78). Ka moe ana te tokorua, ka motuhake tō rāua hononga ki a rāua. Kua kotahi hoki rāua, kāore tētahi e tiketike ake i tētahi, tōna tikanga. Ki te whakaarotia ake, kei te ‘a’ atu, kei te ‘a’ mai hoki tētahi ki tētahi. Ehara i te whakaiti, engari he whakaatu kē i te hononga o te makau kei waenganui i te tokorua. 11 Manuhiri A – I nā tata tonu nei ko ia te manuhiri a ngā tāngata tino rangatira o Amerika, a Piapono Mōkena me ētahi atu (Te Pipiwharauroa 1902:49). Ka haere mai ana he manuhiri ki te marae, ka riro mā te tangata whenua te manuhiri e pōwhiri, e manaaki. Ahakoa te kaha o tā te iwi kāinga whakarangatira i tana manuhiri, ko rātou tonu hei rangatira mō te manuhiri i runga i tō rātou papa. Kei a rātou te mana whakahaere, ā, ko te kawa me ngā tikanga ka whāia, ko ērā o te marae. 12 Tangata A – Kāhore ā mātou tautoko i tētahi o ēnei mema, arā, kāore mātou e whakaatu ko wai rānei tā mātou tangata e hiahia ana kia tū. Ko tā mātou pōti kei roto i ō mātou ngākau (Te Pīpīwharauroa 1905:91). Ākuanei pea he tangata whaimana, tērā rānei he tangata hauwarea noa iho te tangata e kōrerotia ana, mā te horopaki anō e whakaatu. Heoi anō, e hono ana te pūriro ‘a’ ki te kupu ‘tangata’, nō reira, ehara i te whakaiti, ahakoa ko wai e kōrerotia ana, ahakoa tōna tūranga, tōna mana rānei, ka whakamahia tonutia te ‘a’ ina whakamahia te kupu ‘tangata’. 13 Ngā tautōhito (rōia, tākuta, tohunga, kaikaute pūtea, kaiwhakaako, arā atu, arā atu) O – Ko tētahi tangata rawa nui o Kotarani i mate, waiho iho ana āna moni kotahi rau mano pāuna mā tōna rōia (Te Waka Māori 1879:1:35). O – I runga i te mea kei te tata ki te 95 Māori i roto i te 100 he kākano kohi kei roto i ō rātau toto, me noho tonu te tangata i runga i te tūpato. Taua tūpato tēnei: Ka pāngia auautia e te rewharewha, me haere ki tōna tākuta kia tirohia (Te Toa Takitini 1929:96). O – He kaha rawa hoki tā Pāora kōrero mō tēnei mea, “Te tangata e whakaakona ana ki te kupu, me whakawhiwhi e ia tōna kaiwhakaako ki ngā mea pai katoa” (Te Korimako 1885:43). He tāngata ēnei ka tonoa e te tangata ki te āwhina, ki te whakaako, ki te whakaora i a ia, ki te whakatutuki rānei i tētahi mahi māna e ora ai ia. Kāore tonu pea te tangata e ora ake i te tākuta, e puta mai i te raru nā tōna rōia, e mātau ake rānei nā tōna kaiako, engari koirā te whāinga. Hei tā te kaitono titiro he tangata whaimana ēnei, he pūkenga, he tohungatanga ō rātou kāore pea i a ia, i ētahi atu rānei. I puta mai hoki te whakaaro ki ētahi atu pūkenga pēnei i te kāmura, i te kaimahi kōrere wai, i ērā tūmomo tūranga mahi kei ngā ringaringa kē ngā pūkenga, mehemea rā e whakaarotia pēneitia anō ērā pēnei i ō runga ake nei. Kāore i kitea ētahi tauira i ngā tuhinga o mua hei whai, heoi anō ka waiho tēnei ki konei hei huritao noa iho mā te hinengaro pākiki. 14 Puku (mō te wahine e hapū ana) O – Tēnā kōrua ko tōu puku, e Mere. Ka hapū mai ana te wahine, ka kōrerotia tōna puku, kāore e kōrerotia te pēpi pēnei me te reo Pākehā. Ki tā te Māori titiro, kua noho kē mai hoki he tangata i te kōpū o te wahine, ā, he wāhanga tonu tērā nōna. Kia whānau rawa mai, kātahi ka noho mai hei pēpi mā te whaea. Nā ngā kōrero mō te puku o te wahine i huri ai te titiro ki te huamanu ka puta i te manu me te wānanga mehemea ko te ‘huamanu a te manu’, ko ‘te huamanu o te manu’ rānei te kōrero tika. Ka āhua roa e wānangatia ana, me te aha, kāore i āta whakatauhia ko tēhea e tika ake ana, inā hoki, kei te āhua o te whakaaro o te kaikōrero. Me e whakaarotia ana te pīpī a te kātua ka ‘a’ pea, ā, me e whakaarotia ana he wāhanga tonu taua huamanu nō te tinana o te manu i te mea kāore anō kia paopao te pīpī, he ‘o’ pea. Heoi anō, whakaae tonu atu te katoa ki te kōrero ki te ‘hēki a te manu’ ina tīkina kētia te kupu hēki. 15 Tūroro A – Mehemea ana i waiho e ētahi tohunga Māori ā rātou tūroro ki uta ki te wāhi maroke, tērā anō pea e roa e ora ana ka mate ai, tēnā koa pangaia ana ki te wai, ā mate tonu atu (He Kupu Whakamārama 1988:17). I konei e tautehia ana, e tiakina ana ngā tūroro e tētahi, e ētahi rānei. Ahakoa te whanaungatanga o te tūroro ki te tangata, ka whakamahia te ‘a’ hei whakaatu i te hononga o taua tūroro ki te tangata, ki te hunga rānei e tiaki ana i a ia. 16 Tūpāpaku O – Ki tā ngā Hūrai, i tāhae ngā ākonga i te tūpāpaku o Ihu (Te Pipiwharauroa 1901:37). Ko te tinana tonu tēnei o te tangata kua mate, arā, ‘o Ihu’. A – Ka kake te Kāpene ki runga, ā, ko te kaipuke i kapi katoa i te toto, kua riro ngā Māori me ā rātou tūpāpaku (Te Wananga 1878:5:14). Ka mate ana te tangata ka riro mā te whānau, mā te hapū, mā te iwi rānei te tūpāpaku e tiaki. 17 Mate O – Haere mai! Mauria mai ngā whakaaro! Haere mai! Mauria mai ō tātou mate! (Te Toa Takitini 1929:100). He wāhanga, he āhuatanga, he taumahatanga anō ngā mate nō te iwi. 18 Taonga A – Mehemea ka kite rātou i te tangata e tango noa ana i te taonga a tētahi tangata ka whakamā rātou, ka whakahē ki taua tangata, ka aroha ki te tangata nāna te taonga e tangohia ana (Te Waka Maori o Niu Tireni 1873:9:1). Ki te kīia tētahi mea he taonga nā tētahi, e meatia ana mā taua tangata taua mea e tiaki, nā reira i ‘a’ ai te kupu ‘taonga’ ahakoa he aha te taonga. A – Haere mai koutou kia tangihia tā tātou taonga e tīraha nei i tōna papa. Kāore ētahi e whakaae kia whakaritea te tūpāpaku ki te taonga, inā rā he rangatira pea taua tūpāpaku, ā, hei tā ētahi he whakamahinga hou tēnei. Heoi anō, he nui tonu ngā wā e whakaritea ai te tangata e ora ana ki te taonga, ki te kura, ki te tongarerewa, ki te māpihi maurea rānei. Waihoki, e whiua ana ērā momo kupu i te hiahia o te tangata ki te whakanui, ki te whakarangatira. Ko tā te tangata, he tiaki i ana taonga kia kore ai e haukeketia e ētahi atu. Nā konei pea e rangona ai te kupu taonga e whakamahia ana e ētahi mō te tūpāpaku, kua riro mā te iwi te tūpāpaku kua noho mai hei taonga māna e tiaki. 19 Koha A – Ka mahara a Pareihe ki te koha a Te Heuheu i Ōkurarenga, ko te hokinga mai tēnā ki te kāinga (Te Toa Takitini 1929:100). E kitea ana i te tauira nei, ahakoa te āhua o te koha, kai mai, taonga mai, pūtea mai, tangata mai, mehemea ko te koha te kupu e whakamahia ana, he ‘a’. I te wā i ō tātou tūpuna, he kai hoki te koha nui, nā konā pea i ū ai ki te ‘a’. 20 Ngā tūmomo waka O – Kāore i ārikarika te paruparu o ngā huarahi, nā reira tonu i mate ai ō mātou paihikara (Te Pīpīwharauroa 1905:89). O – Kua haere te Pīhopa o Waiapu i runga i tōna motokā ki Taupō, ki Rotorua, ki ngā pāriha o Te Pei o Pereti, ka haere mai ai ki Tūranga mā Mōtū (Te Kopara 1919:65). O – Ko Te Waka o Tamarereti kua homai nei hoki e te Atua hei tirohanga mā ngā kanohi o ngā tāngata katoa kia anga atu ō rātou kanohi ki a ia (Te Waka Maori o Ahuriri 1871:7:6). He nui ngā tūmomo waka o nāianei. Ko ētahi hei pārekareka noa iho mā te tangata, ko ētahi atu hei āta kawe i a ia i mea wāhi ki mea wāhi, ā, e whakamahia ana ētahi waka i runga i ngā kaupapa e rua, pēnei i te paihikara. Ko ētahi waka, kotahi anō te kaupapa, pēnei i te waka pana me te waka keri. I mua, he tino waka te paihikara hei kawe i te tangata. I roto i ngā kōrero i puta mai ētahi whakaaro mō te rerekē o tā tēnei whakatipuranga titiro ki ngā tūmomo paihikara me te āta wehewehe i ngā momo paihikara, me te kī mā te ‘a’ me te ‘o’ pea e tohu tana kaupapa ki te kaieke. Ko tētahi pātai i ara ake, kei whea te otinga atu o tēnei wehewehenga? Ko te whakatau i puta, ahakoa te mahi a te waka, te take i hangaia ai, e whakamahia ai rānei te waka e te kaieke, mehemea e āta nōhia ana, e āta tūria ana rānei e te tangata, pēnei i te papawīra, ka noho ‘o’ tonu i te mea e mau tonu ana te whakaaro he waka kawe tangata. 21 Hōiho O – Te tangata pīrangi ki te waiho tōna hōiho, kau rānei, ki roto i te taiepa me pā mai ki au, ki te Pākehā nāna te pāparikāuta rānei i reira anō (Te Waka Maori o Ahuriri 1863:1:15). Ko te hōiho te waka i mua hei kawe i te tangata i mea wāhi ki mea wāhi. Ā mohoa nei, koia tonu tā te hōiho mahi nui i ētahi takiwā, he kawe tangata. A – E rua hereni me te hikipene mā te kaitiaki i te hōiho. Mehemea e rua, maha atu rānei ngā hōiho a te tangata ka iti iho te utu i te whā pāuna me te whā hereni (Te Wananga 1878:6:5). I kitea ētahi whakamahinga pēnei i ngā niupepa Māori o mua, ā, ko te whakamārama mai a ētahi, i ngā wāhi ahuwhenua i waiho ētahi hōiho hei hōiho mahi anahe, kāore i āta ekea e te tangata, engari he tō parau, he tō kāta, he kawe taputapu rānei te mahi a aua hōiho, nā reira pea i ‘a’ ai. Hei tā ētahi, kāore e tika ana – ahakoa te mahi a te hōiho, ka kīia tonutia ko ‘te hōiho o Mea’. 22 Whāinga O – E mea ana hoki au ko ngā raruraru me ngā whāinga o mua me wareware katoa ināianei, me whakarere atu (Te Waka Maori 1874:25:10). E tūhono ana te whāinga ki te wā, ki te wāhi, ki te kaupapa rānei, arā, he wāhanga o tētahi mea. A – Ko ngā tino kaupapa o te hui, he whakapakari i te reo o te hunga e whakaako ana i te reo Māori ki ā tātou tamariki, he matapaki hoki i ngā take e pā ana ki te reo Māori me ā tātou whāinga mō te reo kia ora tonu ai (He Muka 1992:3). E tūhono ana ngā whāinga ki te tangata, ki te aha atu rānei. E āta whai ana, e āta mahi ana te tangata ki te whakatutuki i āna whāinga. 23 Hiahia, wawata, tūmanako O – He mahi taumaha, ā, me whakakoromeke e ia ōna hiahia ake, me pēnei te manawanui me ana tīpuna tohunga o te iwi Māori, ka rite ai ia mō taua tūranga (Te Toa Takitini 1927:71). E tūhono ana te kare ā-roto ki te tangata. A – Kia aroha mai e te matua ki tāu pononga, kia rite ai i a ia tāu i hiahia ai (Te Toa Takitini 1928:85). I tēnei momo whakatakotoranga kua huri te tūingoa hei tūmahi, koinā e whakamahia ai te ‘a’, nā te mea he mahi te hiahia, te wawata, te tūmanako, te aha atu rānei i tēnei tūmomo whakatakotoranga kōrero. 24 Whakaaro O – E Te Mākarini, kia kōrerotia e au te take. Arā, ko te take o tōku whakaaro. I mua, ko te hē o tēnei motu he pakanga, ināianei, kua takoto te rongo pai. Ko te tikanga tēnei o mua, houhia ana te rongo, ko āpōpō he pakanga anō (Te Karere Maori 1860:7:13). He kare ā-roto, he āhuatanga rānei nō roto i te ngākau, i te whatumanawa, i te hinengaro rānei o te tangata. A – Ka mea a Tā Tānara Mākarini, kia oti te whakaaro a te Kāwanatanga, ka whākina ki te Pāremata nei tā rātou kupu (Te Wananga 1875:2:23). He nui ngā tauira pēnei e kitea ana i ngā tuhinga o mua. I hē noa rānei te tuhi, he take atu anō rānei kua kore e tino mōhiotia? Ko tētahi whakamārama e mea ana, he rite te whakaaro i tēnei horopaki ki te whakatau, ā, he mea āta whiriwhiri tētahi take e ētahi, ko te hua i puta mai ko taua whakaaro, ko taua whakatau. Ko tētahi atu whakamārama e mea ana, he ‘a’ mehemea he maunga ā-ringa, he koha rānei te whakaaro e kōrerotia ana. 25 Aroha O – Tukua atu ana mā te muri e kawe tōna aroha ki Te Tai Rāwhiti (Te Korimako 1886:54). He kare ā-roto nō roto i te tangata. A – E tino whakawhetai ana te tumuaki o Te Kāreti o Te Rau mō te aroha a ngā tāngata o roto o Tūranga ki te Kāreti, arā, mō ngā kāta kai paukena (Te Pipiwharauroa 1907:112). Ko te aroha a ngā tamariki (āpiti ki ngā mātua) i tāpae ai ki a Kenana Ata Wīremu e £9 (Te Toa Takitini 1924:33). I ēnei tauira e rua, he koha te aroha e kōrerotia ana, he maunga ā-ringa, he kai, he moni rānei. He mea kite tēnei whakamahinga o te kupu, o te aroha i ngā tuhinga o mua. Hei whakaū anō tēnei i te kōrero, kāore e whāiti noa te whakamahinga o te ‘a’ me te ‘o’ ki te kupu, engari mā te horopaki e tohu. 26 Whanonga A – Ā moroki noa nei, mahara tonu rātou ki ngā whanonga a tō rātou tupuna wahine a Te Huhuti, i tana kauanga i te moana o te Roto-a-Tara (Te Waka Maori o Aotearoa 1864:28). He mahi tēnei nā te tangata. Kāore te tangata i whānau noa mai me ana whanonga, engari he mea ako āna whanonga. Ahakoa nā ngā kare ā-roto pea i puta mai ai, kāore ngā whanonga rā i heke mai i ngā atua, i ōna mātua tūpuna rānei ki a ia. 27 Ngā mahi a te tinana A – Kei te kaha te maremare a te tamaiti nei. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi a te tinana o te tangata kāore e taea te pupuri, engari ka puta noa mai i te wā e tika ana kia puta mai, pēnei i te patero, i te tihe, i te tokomauri, i te mapu, i te puhapuha, i te ngae, i te maremare, i te aha atu rānei. I ōna wā mā te āki anō a te tangata e puta mai ai ētahi o ngā mea kei runga ake nei me ētahi atu mea pēnei i te whawharo, i te tuha, i te whengu. Ahakoa ākina, kāore rānei e ākina kia puta mai, he mahi katoa ēnei nā te tangata, nā reira i ‘a’ ai. 28 Pūkenga O – Kei te ao kōwhatu tonu a Hare, kāore ōna pūkenga ki te raweke i te rorohiko. E whai ana tēnei whakamahinga i te whakamārama mō te pūmanawa, arā, i whānau mai te tangata me ōna pūmanawa. He momo tuku iho, he momo whakaheke i ngā atua, i ōna mātua tūpuna ki a ia. E ai ki ētahi, nō nā noa nei i whakawehea ai te pūmanawa me te pūkenga kia hāngai ai ki te reo o te mātauranga o nāianei. Ahakoa he mea ako ētahi o ngā pūkenga, pēnei i te taraiwa, ka tangata whenua ērā mōhiotanga i roto i te tangata, ā, ka noho mai ērā hei pūkenga nō te tangata. 29 Hapa O – Hapa o te kotahi, nō te tokomaha. Ka noho ngā hapa o te tangata hei wāhanga nō taua tangata. He nui ngā horopaki e hapa ai pea te tangata. Kāore anō te tangata i ako noa, i mātau noa rānei ki te tika, koinā pea i hapa ai. 30 Hē O – E hoa, ka nui te pai o tō mātou rangatira o Tīkena. Hore rawa ōna hē ki a mātou (Te Karere Maori 1863:3:7). He pēnei anō te hē me te hapa, he wāhanga anō nō te tangata ōna hē me ōna pai. Ka tika pea te kōrero, kāore te tangata e āta whai kia hē ia, engari he wā tōna ka pēnā, ka whai tonu te tangata kia hē ia, kia hē rānei tētahi āhuatanga i a ia, ahakoa tana mōhio ki taua hē me te whiu. Hei ahakoa, he hē te hē. 31 Tikanga, ritenga A – E tino mōhio ana au ki tō koutou piripono ki te Kāwanatanga me tō koutou whakaaro tika tonu. Ahakoa kua wehea koutou ko ō koutou whakaaro me ā koutou tikanga kia kotahi (Te Waka Maori o Niu Tirani 1874:10:4). A – E hoa mā, kua hē ā koutou ritenga, kua tinihangatia e koutou te ingoa o tō Kuīni, o te Atua, o tō Kāwana, o te Ture (Te Karere o Poneke 1858:1:52). E ‘a’ nei te tikanga me te ritenga nā te mea i whakatauhia, i whakatakotohia hoki ngā tikanga me ngā ritenga e ētahi hei whai mā rātou anō, mā ētahi kē atu rānei. He mahi hoki tikanga me te ritenga nā te tangata. 32 Kawa O – Ā te Tūrei te 22 o ngā rā o Oketopa ka tāia te kawa o te wharekura o Hukarere. Mā te Pīhopa me ngā minita o tōna Pīhopatanga, o te taha Māori, o te taha Pākehā e whakatuwhera (Te Pipiwharauroa 1912:172). Ko tēnei e tohu ana ki whea whāia ai, ki whea kawea ai rānei te kawa. E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho, he mea here ngā kawa ki ngā ihomatua, he huarahi atu aua ihomatua ki ngā atua, nō reira kāore e whakarerekēhia e te tangata pēnei i te tikanga, he wā ōna ka whakarerekēhia ērā e te tangata. 33 Ture A – I whakahē ngā Māori ki te mahi a te Pāremete nō te mea e tau ana ki runga ki ngā Māori ā rātou ture i mahia ai, ā, kāore hoki ngā Māori i uru ki te mahinga o aua ture (Te Waka Māori o Niu Tirani 1876:12:21). E tohu ana tēnei nā wai i whakatau, i hanga rānei ngā ture. 34 Ngā ingoa wāhi A – I tūtaki tēnei ope ki a Paorikiriki nō Ngāi Te Upokoiri, ka patua, ka mate. I Te Roto-a-Kiwa ka tūtataki ngā tauā nei, ka whati ki Kahotea, ki Te Roto-a-Tara (Te Toa Takitini 1929:100). Ka ui te hinengaro Māori, he aha i ‘a’ ai te moana, te waka, te ara, te whanga, te wai, te aha atu rānei i ēnei tū ingoa wāhi i tapaina ai e ngā tūpuna. I te nuinga o te wā, he ‘o’, engari ka kitea tonutia ko te Te Moana-a-Toi, ko Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara, ko Te Waka-a-Māui me ētahi ingoa pērā. Ko tētahi whakamārama, nā te tupuna i kite mai, i rongonui ai rānei taua wāhi. Hei tauira, nā Tara i rongonui ai te whanga, nā reira i kīia ai ko Te Whanganui-a-Tara, he whakanui, he whakarangatira pea tēnei i tērā tupuna. Heoi anō, he kōrero anō pea kei tua o ēnei kupu kua kore e tino mōhiotia. 35 Huarahi (ara) O – Whāia te huarahi o te mātauranga. I te nuinga o te wā he ‘o’ te huarahi, te ara rānei. I te nuinga o te wā ko te kupu ka whai mai ko te ingoa o te huarahi. I ētahi atu wā mehemea he ingoa tangata, pēnei i te ara o Tāwhaki, koinā te wāhi i haere ai a Tāwhaki, i takahia ai, i whāia ai e Tāwhaki. A - Kātahi ka haere tonu atu te tauā a Hauiti ki te whawhai ki a Ngāti Apa, whawhaitia ana ko Rongomotumotu, ko Tāporapora, Te Ara-a-Tāwhaki, Puapuatauākī, he pā riri anake nā Ngāti Apa (Te Waka Maori, 1879:1:42). Pēnei i ngā ingoa wāhi i runga ake nei, ka kitea hoki te huarahi, te ara rānei a Mea i ōna wā. I tēnei whakamahinga ka hoki anō ki te whakamārama i runga ake nei, arā, nā taua tangata pea i hau ai ngā rongo o taua huarahi, o taua ara. 36 Hau O – Ko Motutāiko e tū taketake tonu nā i roto i te moana o Taupō, tē korikori, tē ngawhere, tē aha, i te ngaru o te moana rāua ko te hau o te rangi (Te Waka Maori 1872:8:9). He wāhanga ngā hau nō te rangi, nō te takiwā. A – E pupuhi mai ana ngā hau a Tāwhirimātea. He tamariki ngā hau nā Tāwhirimātea. 37 Te wai māori (hei inu) O – Tēnā, tīkina atu he wai māori mōku. He nui ngā kōrero mō te wai, he nui hoki ngā mahi a te wai. Ko te wai māori hei oranga mō te tinana o te tangata, ā, ki te kore he wai ka mate te tangata. Nā reira, he kaha ake te whai oranga i te wai māori, tēnā i te tī, i te kawhe, i te miraka, i te aha atu rānei. I mua, he motuhake te wāhi i tīkina ai te wai mō te inu me te kai, ā, kāore te tangata i haere noa ki reira ki te mahi i ētahi atu mahi. Te wai māori (hei whakarite) O – Ko Pūniu te wai whakarite o Kīngi Tāwhiao. Ko tēnei wai māori hoki hei oranga mō te wairua o te tangata. I ōna wā, ki te pāngia te tangata e te mate, e te raruraru rānei, ka tīkina atu te wai hei whakarite, ka haere rānei te tangata ki te wai ki te whakarite. He wāhi motuhake i te awa, he puna rānei i āta whakaritea ai mō tērā mahi, me te aha, kāore te tangata e haere noa ki reira ki te mahi i ētahi atu mahi. 38 Te wai māori (hei horohoroi) A – Koia nei te wai horoi a te whānau. I ngā rā o mua, he wāhi i te manga, i te awa rānei i āta whakaritea ai mō tēnā mahi, mō tēnā mahi. He wāhi anō mō te horoi tinana me te horoi kaka, he wāhi atu anō mō te whakarata hōiho, he wāhi kē noa atu anō mō te mahi tūpāpaku, ā, he wāhi anō mō te whakarite kai me te tiki wai hei inu. Mehemea ko te mahi a te wai he horoi i ngā riko me ngā paruparu, nōwhea hoki taua wai e inumia, e mahia rānei hei wai whakarite. Mehemea ko te wai kaukau e kōrerohia ana, kei te āhua tonu o te kaukau a te tangata i reira, he horoi i te taha wairua, he horoi rānei i te taha tinana e kaukau ai te tangata ki reira. 39 Moko O – Paruhi kau ana te moko o Tāne. Kia tāia te kiri o te tangata ki te moko, ko tōna āhua tonu tērā, ko tōna moko. He whakarākei kua noho mai hei wāhanga tonu nō te tangata. I puta ētahi kōrero mō ngā moko piripiri e whakapiria ai ki te kiri o te tamaiti mō te wā poto, ngā moko rānei ka tuhia ki te kiri i te wā o te haka. Ka whakamahia tonutia te kupu ‘moko’, waihoki mō te wā poto koirā te moko o te tangata. Kāore e āta wehewehea ki te ‘a’, ki te ‘o’ rānei. 40 Waitohu O – He mea waitohu te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1840. Ko te waitohu o ngā rangatira o taua wā, he rīpeka, he tiriwhana, he makaurangi. I mua, ko te moko te waitohu o ētahi o ngā tūpuna nā rātou i waitohu te Tiriti o Waitangi. He pēnei te waitohu i te moko, i te makaurangi rānei, tōna tikanga e motuhake ana ki te tangata kotahi, e kore nei e rite ki ō ētahi atu. 41 Whakakakara A – Tēnā, tā tāua whakakakara. I ngā rā o nehe, he tipu, he hinu, he rau rānei kua penupenuhia ngā whakakakara a ngā tūpuna. Ko ngā whakakakara o nāianei he hinu, he wai rānei hei pani, hei rehu rānei mā te tangata i tōna tinana. He rerekē te whakakakara i te kakara o te tangata. Kia rehua te tinana o te tangata ki tāna tino whakakakara, ka noho tērā hei kakara mōna. 42 Hopi A – Ki a au tā tāua hopi me tā tāua pē niho. Ka tohe pea ētahi, me ‘o’ kē te hopi, te pē niho, te panipani rānei i te mea ka pā ki te tinana, ki ngā makawe rānei. Ko tētahi whakamārama, nā te tere o te mahi kāore tō te tangata mauri e uru ki tērā hopi, heoi anō tā te hopi mahi, he horoi atu i ngā riko me ngā paruparu. 43 Pani ngutu A – Kua pau tonu tāku tino pani ngutu. Kei te whai tēnei i te whakamārama mō te whakakakara, mehemea e kōrero ana mō te rawa nei mō te pani ngutu, he ‘a’. 44 Mōhiti O – I runga i te tēpu e takoto ana te whare o te pū me ngā kariri e rua kāore anō i pūhia, me tōna pōtae hoki, me ōna mōhiti anō hoki i runga (Te Puke ki Hikurangi 1898:17). E ai ki tā te Māori titiro, he karu anō ngā mōhiti mō te tangata. Ka mau roa hoki ngā mōhiti ki te kanohi o te tangata, ki te wāhanga tino tapu o te tinana. 45 Niho horihori O – Kua makere i te waha o kuia ōna niho horihori. Ahakoa he niho horihori, he niho tūpāpaku rānei ngā niho o ētahi, ki tā te Māori titiro, ko ngā niho tonu ērā o te tangata, ā, ka roa hoki e mau ana i te waha. 46 Wati O – Tāna mahi tuatahi i muri iho i tōna oraititanga nei ko te titiro i tōna wati i roto i te pēke paku i tōna tātua e mau ana (Te Pipiwharauroa 1902:56). He mahi tā te wati, engari he whakapaipai tonu ka āta herea ki te whatīanga o te tangata. I ōna wā he mea tuku iho ngā tūmomo whakapaipai, ā, ka mau roa ki te ringa, ki te upoko, ki ngā taringa, ki te uma, ki hea rānei. Ka mau roa ana, ka uru te mauri o te tangata ki roto. Nā konā, nā te auau o te pānga ki te tinana i ‘o’ ai. 47 Ngā tūmomo pēke (pāhi, pīkau, wāreti, tueke, arā atu, arā atu) A – Kātahi ka mea atu te wahine nei ki te taraiwa rā, mehemea kāore ia i te maumahara ki tana whātorotanga atu i te pēke a tōna whaea i te whakatakototanga ki raro i ōna waewae (Te Pipiwharauroa 1913:179). He mahi tā ēnei mea, he hari i ngā hanga a te tangata. He wā anō ka noho ēnei mea hei whakapaipai i te tangata, engari kāore e āta whakanohoia ki te tinana o te tangata, kāore hoki e mau roa kia uru ai te mauri o te tangata ki roto. 48 Hamarara O – I a ia e whakakitekite ana i Ōtautahi i tērā tau ka makere tōna hamarara ki raro kē o tōna nohoanga tautau ai, ka huripoki, e kore hoki ia e kaha ki te rere iho ki raro (Te Pipiwharauroa 1900:24). Ahakoa he hanga te hamarara ka kawe haerehia e te tangata, ko tāna tino mahi he whakaruruhau i te tangata i te rā, i te ua, i te aha atu rānei. Nō reira, ka mau ki tēnā whakaaro o rātou mā, ko te hamarara hei whakaruruhau mō te tangata. 49 Tāora O – He tāora atu anō tōu? I wareware i a au tōku. Mehemea e ū ana ki ā te Māori tikanga ko tā te tāora mahi he whakamaroke kau i te tinana o te tangata. Nā konā, nā te auau o te pānga ki te tinana i ‘o’ ai. 50 Tītaora A – Kaua e hari i ngā tītaora a māmā ki te marae, e kore e hoki mai. Kotahi anake te mahi a te tītaora, tōna tikanga, he whakamaroke i ngā utauta, he tākai kai rānei, ā, e kore rawa atu e pā ki te tinana, e kawea rānei ki ētahi atu wāhi i tua atu i te kīhini. 51 Haki (kara) O – Ko te tāone, he tāone iti noa iho, kia ahatia i te mea ko te haki o Amerika e rere ana i runga (Te Toa Takitini 2/1928:77). I konei, ka kīia te haki he wāhanga nō tōna whenua. A) Ahakoa roa atu, poto mai rānei, kotahi anō he tutukitanga mō tēnei whawhai, arā, ko te taenga o te haki a te Kuini ki runga o Piritōria ā ēnei rā e tū mai nei, ko te rironga hoki o Taranawāra ki raro i te mana o Ingarangi (Te Pipiwharauroa 2/1900:24). He tohu tēnei i te hononga o te haki ki te tangata rangatira, whaimana hoki, otirā ki te tangata, ki te wahine rānei nāna te haki. I ētahi wā nā tētahi pea te haki i hanga mai, i ētahi wā ehara i te tangata i hanga mai, pēnei i te Kuīni, engari kei a ia te mana whakahaere i runga i taua haki. 52 Pae tukutuku O – Toro atu ki te pae tukutuku o Te Whare Wānanga. Ko te ingoa pea tēnei o te pae tukutuku, he wāhanga rānei te pae tukutuku nō Te Whare Wānanga. A – Toro atu ki te pae tukutuku a Te Whare Wānanga. Nā Te Whare Wānanga tāna pae tukutuku i auaha mai, waihoki he mea whakahaere nāna. 53 Pukamata O – Me tūhono koe ki te whārangi Pukamata o Te Mana o Te Reo. Ko te ingoa tēnei o te whārangi Pukamata. A – Kua kite koe i te kōrero a Hēni i tāna Pukamata? Nā te tangata anō tāna whārangi i whakarite mai, waihoki he mea whakahaere nāna. 54 Īmēra A – He aha te īmēra a Hone? E rua ngā tikanga o te pātai nei. Tuatahi, he aha ngā kōrero a Hone i tana īmēra. Tuarua, he aha te īmēra a Hone e pai ai taku whakapā atu ki a ia. I ‘a’ ai tēnei i te mea nā te tangata anō tāna īmēra i hanga, i te nuinga o te wā. Mehemea ehara i a ia i hanga, nā tētahi atu i homai, engari kei a ia tonu te mana whakahaere i taua īmēra, ā, māna hoki e whakakore ā tōna wā ki te hiahia ia. 55 Tau waea A – Kei a wai te tau waea a Rāniera? Kei te tangata anō te mana whakahaere i tana tau waea, ka taea e ia te tono tau waea hou, te tīni, te whakakore rānei i tana tau waea. Tau pēke A – Tukuna mai tāu nā tau pēke, ka tuku atu ai au i ngā pūtea. He rite anō te tau pēke, ahakoa nā te pēke i homai, kei te tangata anō te mana whakahaere i tana tau pēke. Tau ākonga A – Mehemea kāore i a koe tō kāri ākonga, me mōhio koe ki tāu nā tau ākonga e tango ai koe i ngā pukapuka i te whare pukapuka. He rite anō te tau ākonga, te tau aha atu rānei, ahakoa nā te kura, nā te whare wānanga rānei i homai, kei te tangata anō te mana whakahaere i tana tau ākonga. I āta kōrerotia ngā momo tau, pēnei i te tau waea, i te tau ākonga me te tau uruwhenua. Katoa ēnei tūmomo tau e motuhake ana ki te tangata kotahi, kāore e rite ki ō ētahi atu. Ahakoa he mea homai, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore ērā tau i te whakaahua i a koe, heoi anō tā ngā tau nei he tautuhi noa iho i a koe i roto i te pūnaha a te whakahaere. Kāore ngā tau i te hāngai ki tō whakapapa, ki tō mana, ki tō tuakiri rānei. 56 Tohu mātauranga O – Ko Apirana anake te Māori o Niu Tīreni kua whiwhi ki ngā tohu mātauranga o te Pākehā (Te Pipiwhararoa 1900:26). Ko ngā tohu rangatira o mua hei tikitiki mō te māhunga, he piki kōtuku, he rau huia, he aha atu rānei. I tēnei ao hou, ko te tohu mātauranga hei whakarākei, hei whakarangatira hoki i te tangata. He tau hoki i pau, he werawera i heke i whiwhi ai te tangata i tōna tohu mātauranga. O – He tangata māia, kaha, mātau hoki, ā, he tohu mātauranga o nga kāreti nunui kei a ia, arā, he B.A., he B.D (Te Pipiwharauroa 1907:117). He wāhanga ngā tohu o te whare wānanga i tēnei horopaki. A – Koia nei te tohu kairangi a Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato. Nā te whare wānanga i āta whakarite mai te tohu mātauranga hei whai mā te tangata. 57 Raihana O – Tēnei te reta a Hīrimi Taiwhanga o Kaikohe, Peiwhairangi. He whakaatu mai anō i aua kōrero mō tōna Raihana Rūri (Te Waka Māori o Niu Tirani 18/6/1873:9:9). Kitea ai te ‘raihana o Mea’ me te ‘raihana a Mea’ i ngā tuhinga o mua. He momo tohu mātauranga te raihana i ōna wā, pēnei me te raihana whakamāori. He tohu i ō te kaipupuri mōhiotanga, he whakarākei, he whakarangatira hoki i a ia. A – Kua tangohia te raihana a Arapata Piha, te Pākehā nāna te pāparakāuta i Ōhinemutu. Ko te take, he hoatutanga nāna i tētahi waipiro ki te wahine Māori, ki a Arihia, i taka nei ki roto ki te ngāwhā, ā, mate atu (Te Waka Maori Niu Tirani 1/12/1874:10:24). I ētahi horopaki, ko te whakaaro nui o roto, me whai raihana rawa e āhei ai tō mahi i tētahi mahi. Mā te whakaatu i tō raihana e whakaaetia ai tō mahi i tāu i whai ai, he āhua rite ki te tīkiti. I te horopaki i runga nei ko te raihana hoko waipiro te kaupapa. Ka pātai noa te hinengaro, he rerekētanga nui o tēnei momo raihana i ētahi atu i ‘a’ ai tēnei? He whakaatu noa iho rānei i te nui, i te iti rānei o ō te kaikōrero whakaaro ki te raihana me te momo o te raihana i roto i te horopaki? 58 Mārena O – E rua ngā take i huihui ai ki reira; te tuatahi, ko te hākari o te mārena o Rēnata Te Tākou rāua ko Maharata (Te Waka Maori o Niu Tirani 21/3/1876:12:6). I konei, ko te hono tonu tēnei o te tokorua ki a rāua anō. A – Kua oti te mārena a Pirinihi Wikitōria, te tamāhine a te Kuīni o Ingarani ki a Pirini Peteriki Wīremu, te tama a te Kīngi o Purahia (Te Karere o Poneke 1858:1:37). I konei, ko te mārena te kaupapa, te hui rānei i mārenatia ai te tokorua. 59 Te (tūmahi) a/o te (tūingoa) O – E koe, e whakaroa tonu mai nei, kāti te whakaroa! E pōrangi ana te rere o te tāima (Te Hoa Maori 4/1888:8). Koinei te āhua ka pā ki te tāima, ki te wā rānei. Kāore te wā i te mahi, engari kei te rere noa iho. He pērā anō te rere o te kōrero, o te wai, o te poi, o te waka, o te aha atu, o te aha atu rānei. A – Tā mātou haere he rere whakararo, huhū ana te rere a te tereina (Te Pipiwharauroa 12/1902:58). Koinei te mahi a te tereina. Ko te whakaaro, ko te tereina anō kei te āki i a ia kia rere. Anei ētahi atu tauira: o) E tika ana te rere o te kuaka. a) E tika ana te rere a te kuaka. I te tauira tuatahi, ko te rere te āhua ka pā ki te kuaka. I te tauira tuarua, ko te rere te mahi a te kuaka. Mā te kakapa tonu o ōna parirau e rere ai te kuaka. E rua e tika ana, kei te āhua kē o ngā whakaaro o te kaikōrero. He pērā anō ēnei tauira: o) Kei te kaha te takahi o te waewae. a) Kei te kaha te takahi a te waewae. I te tauira tuatahi, ko te takahi te āhua ka pā ki te waewae. I te tauira tuarua, ko te takahi te mahi a te waewae. 60 Te tangi a/o te (tūingoa) O - Ki te haere koe ki te karakia, kia mutu noa atu te tangi o te pere ka haere ai, kia tae rawa atu ai koe kua tata te mutu (Te Pipiwharauroa 1902:54). Ka kitea te ‘o’ i te taha o te tangi i ētahi horopaki. Ko te whakamārama e pēnei ana, nā te tangata, nā tētahi atu mea rānei i tangi ai te aha rā, i tēnei tauira ko te pere. Ehara i te pere tana tangi, he mea whakatangi kē te pere e te tangata. Ka taea hoki tēnei whakamārama te whakahāngai ki te pū, ki te waea, ki ngā taonga pūoro anō hoki. A – Ka pere taku pere ki Aotearoa, ki Te Waipounamu. E pā mā e, e hine mā e, kia huri mai te taringa ki te whakarongo ki te tangi a te mātuhi e tangi nei, tuia, tuia, tuituia (Te Pipiwharauroa 1901:36). He manu te mātuhi, nāna anō tāna tangi, ka kīia he mahi tēnei nāna, tāna tangi, tāna kōrero, tāna karanga rānei. I te nuinga o te wā ka whai mai te ‘a’ i te tangi. Anei ētahi atu tauira: a) Haruru ana te tangi a te pūtātara. o) Haruru ana te tangi o te pūtātara. I te tauira tuatahi, ko te tangi te mahi a te pūtātara, kua whakatangatahia te pūtātara, ā, nāna anō tāna ake tangi i whakaputa. I te tauira tuarua, ko te tangi te āhua ka pā ki te pūtātara, he mea whakatangi kē e te tangata. a) Hoihoi ana te tangi a te waea. o) Hoihoi ana te tangi o te waea. I te tauira tuatahi, ko ‘te tangi’ te mahi a te waea, anō e ora ana te waea. I te tauira tuarua, ko ‘te tangi’ te āhua ka pā ki te waea, he mea whakaoho kē e te tangata, nā reira i tangi ai te waea. 61 Te haerenga a/o te (tūingoa) O – Tēnei te komiti, ana, te huihuinga o Tūhourangi rāua ko Ngāti Rangitihi, kia whakapaia taua ara, kia arawhatatia, kia tika ai mō te haerenga o ngā kāta Pākehā e tōia ana e te hōiho (The Maori Messenger 1857:4:6). Ko te whakamārama e pā ana ki tēnei whakamahinga e ōrite ana ki te whakamahinga mō te ‘tangi o te pere’, arā, he mea atu anō e āki ana i te aha kia haere, ā, i te tauira i runga ake nei nā te hōiho i haere ai ngā kāta. O – Te Haerenga o te Kāwana (The Jubilee 1898:1:45). Hei tā ētahi, ahakoa pēhea te āhua o te haerenga, ahakoa e ākina ana rānei te tangata e tētahi atu, kāore rānei, ko te ‘haerenga o Mea’ te kōrero tika, ā, kei te nui te kitea o tēnei tauira i roto i ngā tuhinga o mua. A – Te Haerenga a Te Pīhopa ki Ingarangi (Te Pipiwharauroa 1908:127). He nui ake te kitea o ‘te haerenga o Mea’ i ngā tuhinga o mua, engari he nui hoki te kitea o te ‘haerenga a Mea’, me te aha, kāore e tino rerekē ake te āhua o ngā horopaki. Kia pēnei rawa te nui o te tauira, kāore e taea te kī atu e hē ana, engari he take tonu i ‘a’ ai te ‘haerenga’. Ko taua take kāore i te tino mōhiotia, hei ētahi kāore pea he tino take engari nā te pai noa iho ki te taringa i puta pēnei mai ai te kōrero. Heoi anō, ko tētahi whakaaro i puta ko tēnei, mehemea e pēnei ana te kōrero i tō runga ake nei, kei taua mea, kei taua tangata rānei te mana e haere ai ia, arā, e taki ana ia i a ia anō, kāore ētahi atu i te āki i a ia kia haere, koia i ‘a’ ai. 62 Te kitenga o/a… O – Te kitenga o te patupaiarehe e Te Kanawa (Te Korimako 1886:57). E tohu ana tēnei rerehāngū i te kitenga o te patupaiarehe e Te Kanawa, arā, kua kitea te patupaiarehe e ia. A – Te kitenga a Te Kanawa i te patupaiarehe. E tohu ana tēnei reremahi i te mahi a te tangata, arā, a Te Kanawa, nāna i kite te patupaiarehe. Kei te tika ngā rerenga e rua, engari he aronga kē, he aronga kē.