Te Ahu o te Reo He Pūrongo Poto mō Kaitaia Te Ahu o te Reo He Pūrongo Poto mō Kaitaia He mea tuhi nā Nicola Bright, Maraea Hunia, Basil Keane me Jenny Lee-Morgan, Eruera Morgan me Rachel Felgate, Cathy Wylie He mea tuhi tēnei pūrongo mō te hapori e te Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa i mahi tahi me Te Whare Wānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui. Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa Pouaka Poutāpeta 3237 Te Whanganui-a-Tara Aotearoa www.nzcer.org.nz ISBN 978-0-947509-74-3 © NZCER & Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori 2017 III Ngā kōrero o roto He mihi V He kupu whakataki 1 He kupu arataki 2 He tino kōrero 4 He kaupapa kōrero 8 He kōrero nō Kaitaia 11 He meka 14 V He mihi E ngā whītiki o te kī, e ngā puna o te kī o roto mai i Te Tai Tokerau, mai i te maunga whakahī o Hikurangi puta atu ki Te Hiku o Te Ika i raro iho i ngā kahui maunga o Muriwhenua, matike mai, maranga ki a koutou ngā pātaka iringa kōrero a rātou mā kua ngāro atu ki Te Reinga, mā Te Ara Wairua puta atu ki Te Reinga, rūpeke atu ki Manawa Tāwhi, hoki atu rā koutou ki te pūtahitanga o Rehua ki Mātangireia, arā, ki te moenga kahurangi ka oti atu koutou e. E rere e te tai, piki tū, piki rere, ka nukunuku, ka nekeneke, kia kaikamo atu tātou ki ngā wai o Tokerau, me he pīpīwharauroa, takoto te pae, takoto te pae. Koutou e ngā wehi me ngā whakamataku o ngā kāinga whakapūmau i te reo a Koro mā, a Kui mā, tēnā koutou e pīkau nei i ngā taonga tuku iho o tuawhakarere, kia tipu whakaritorito ai te reo rangatira hai ngā rā o Anamata, e kī ai te kōrero ‘he reo tuku iho, he reo ora’. Tēnā hoki koutou katoa. 1 He kupu whakataki Te Ahu o te Reo Ko te 2015 te tau, ka tuku kirimana Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori ki Te Kaunihera Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa (NZCER) me tōna kāhui rangahau kaupapa Māori, a Te Wāhanga, kia rangahautia ai te ora o te reo Māori i ngā kāinga me ngā hapori, ā, ko Kaitaia tētahi o aua hapori. Ko te whāinga, he tūhura e pēhea ana tā ngā whānau whakahoki mai anō i te reo Māori hei reo toiora, hei reo toitū, hei reo whakawhitiwhiti māori noa i ngā kawenga o ia rā. I rangahaua ngā hapori e iwa: Kaitāia, Matawaia, Te Uru o Tāmaki, Tāmaki Makaurau ki te Tonga, Tauranga Moana, Rūātoki, Te Wairoa, Taranaki, me Ōtautahi. Ko te whāinga whānui, he whakawhānui ake i te mōhiotanga mō ēnei e whai ake nei. • Ko hea ngā wāhi kōrerotia ai te reo Māori? • E pēhea ana te kaha o te kōrero Māori? • Ko wai mā kei te kōrero Māori, ki a wai? • He aha ngā kaupapa e kawea ana ki te reo Māori? • He aha ngā take e kōrerotia ai te reo Māori i ētahi wāhi/horopaki, kāore rānei e kōrerotia i ētahi wāhi/horopaki? • He aha atu anō ngā mea e hiahiatia ana hei tautoko i ngā hapori me ngā whānau kia kōrero i te reo Māori? Tērā te pūrongo whānui1 e tirohia ai ngā rangahau katoa i roto i ngā hapori e iwa. Waihoki, e iwa ngā pūrongo hapori e tirohia ai te rangahau i tēnā hapori, i tēnā hapori. Te pūrongo mō Kaitaia Nā ngā whānau, nā ngā pou reo, nā ngā kaiārahi o te hāpori, nā ngā kaiakiaki i te reo tēnei pūrongo mō te hunga whai pānga ki Kaitaia. I kōrerohia, i tirihia te ora (te mate rānei) o te reo i ngā papa kāinga. Kia kitea hoki te wāriu (uara) o te reo ki ngā whānau nō Kaitaia. E rima ngā wāhanga o te pūrongo nei. Tuatahi, He kupu arataki, ki reira ka kōrero a Jenny Lee-Morgan me Eruera Morgan mō te āhua o te rangahau me ngā tāngata nā rātau i homai ngā kōrero. Tuarua, He tino kōrero ka hora i ngā kitenga rangahau ka whakautu i ngā pātai a Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori. Whai muri ka tirohia ētahi kōrero ka whakaurua ki te ariā ZePA.2 Ko te tuatoru, He kaupapa kōrero, ko te tuawhā, He kōrero nō Kaitaia. Hei reira, ka kōrerohia he āhuatanga mō te reo Māori i ngā tau 1970, ināianei anō hoki. Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga He meka. Ka whakanikonikohia ngā kitenga rangahau e ngā kupu a ngā tāngata o te hapori. 1 Hutchings, J., Higgins, R., Bright, N., Keane, B., Olsen-Reeder, V., & Hunia, M. (2017). Te Ahu o te Reo | Te reo Māori in homes and communities: Overview report | He tirohanga whānui. Wellington: NZCER. 2 Higgins, R., Rewi, P., & Olsen-Reeder, V. (2014). The Value of the Māori Language: Te Hua o te Reo Māori. Wellington: Huia Publishers. 2 He kupu arataki Te āhua o te rangahau I Te Tai Tokerau, ko te whakaaro i te tīmatanga, kia rangahaua a Kaitaia, a Matawaia, a Waimā, me Moerewa. Ka haere ngā whiriwhiri tahi a ngā kairangahau hapori me ngā pou reo, ko rātou ngā kaiārahi, kaikōkiri i te reo Māori i ō rātou hapori. Ka puta ake ētahi āwangawanga mō te āhei o te tira rangahau ki te āta rangahau i ngā takiwā e whā i tohua mō Te Taitokerau, inā hoki te huhua o ngā hapori me te marara o tā rātou noho. Whakatauria ana me arotahi ngā mahi i Te Tai Tokerau ki ētahi hapori e rua, ki Kaitaia me Matawaia. I whakaritea e te tira me kōwhiri e ngā kairangahau hapori kia whitu ngā pou reo hei māngai mō ēnei takiwā e rua, me ētahi tāngata e 70–80 o roto i ngā whānau hei uiui. Kātahi ka weheruatia tēnei kia 3–4 ai ngā pou reo, kia 30–40 hoki ngā tāngata o roto i ngā whānau ka kōwhiria i tēnā, i tēnā wāhi. Ngā kairangahau Tokowhā ngā kairangahau nāna i kawe ngā mahi rangahau i Kaitaia: ko Jenny Lee-Morgan rāua ko Eruera Morgan, ko rāua ngā kairangahau hapori matua, ā, ko Heeni Brown rāua ko Aroha Mane, ko rāua ngā kairangahau hapori. Nā Heeni Brown (Te Aupōuri, Ngāti Rangiwewehi, Ngāti Whakaue, Tūhourangi – Ngāti Wāhiao) rāua ko Aroha Mane (Ngāpuhi, Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāti Whātua, Ngāti Tangahoe) i whakahaere ngā uiuinga i ngā whānau i Kaitaia. I tipu ake a Heeni Brown i Kaitaia, ā, i reira anō ia e noho ana i te wā i kawea ai ngā uiuinga. Kei Tāmakimakaurau a Jenny Lee-Morgan rāua ko Eruera Morgan e noho ana. Nā rāua i patapatai ngā pou reo. He torokaha tonu ngā hono o te tira rangahau nei – ā-whānau, ā-hapu, ā-iwi – ki Kaitaia, he kaha anō ō rātou taura taha tangata, taha mahi puta noa i Te Tai Tokerau. Heoi anō, ahakoa te whītiki o te whanaungatanga, i mōhio tonu mātou ki ō mātou tini hononga ā-iwi (ā aha atu rānei), i noho ai mātou hei ‘tama’, hei ‘tamāhine’ i ētahi wā ki ngā mea o Kaitaia, hei ‘rāwaho’ kē pea i ētahi atu. Nō reira i kawea ngā mahi i runga i te tūpato, kia tōtika ai, kia whai takenga ai ngā rangahautanga o roto o Kaitaia, ki tā ngā whānau anō titiro. Te kōwhiri i te hunga kōrerorero I Kaitaia, e toru ngā pou reo i kōwhiria, nō roto mai o tētahi kāhui pūmanawa rau, he kaihautū ētahi, he kaiako, he kaiārahi pāpāho, he kaiwhakahaere wānanga reo, he rangatira anō i ō rātou hapū, i ō rātou marae. Nā ēnei pou reo mātou i āwhina ki te tautohu i ngā whānau kia uiuia. Engari ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata o ngā whānau i uiuia, he mea tautohu i runga i ō mātou ake hononga ki te hapori, ki te iwi me ngā hapū. I mātua kōwhiria ko ngā whānau e rua, e toru rānei ngā whakatupuranga kei te whānau kotahi, he pakeke, he tamariki anō kei te whānau, ā, he tāngata/tamariki kōrero Māori, e ako ana rānei i te reo Māori. Hui katoa, e 32 ngā uiuinga taha whānau i oti mō te hapori o Kaitaia. 3 Te wheako rangahau I kawea ngā patapatainga i ngā wāhi me ngā wā e pai ana ki ngā tāngata i uiuia. Mō te wāhi ki ngā pou reo, tērā i tū ki ō rātou wāhi mahi, ki tētahi wāhi huihui, ki te waea kē rānei. Mō ngā uiuinga i ngā whānau, i tū te nuinga ki ō rātou kāinga. He mea whakahaere te uiuinga ki te reo Māori, ki te reo Pākehā, ki ngā reo e rua rānei – ko te mea e pai ana ki ngā tāngata e patapataihia ana. I mārama, i ū anō hoki ngā kairangahau hapori ki te ahunga ‘kaupapa Māori’ i poua hei ārahi i ā mātou mahi tahi katoa me te hunga i uiuia. Koia tērā ko te hāpai i ngā uara kaupapa Māori, tae atu ki te manaakitanga, te aroha, te tika me te pono. Ko te nuinga o ngā patapatainga, i roa ake i te kotahi hāora i whakaarotia, ā, i tino pēnei ngā uiuinga i te hunga kaumātua. Tērā tētahi kairangahau i tata pau te rā i a ia ki tētahi kuia, kāore tonu i oti ngā pātai katoa te whakautu i taua noho tahi. He maha ngā uiuinga ko te whakahou i te whanaungatanga tētahi mahi nui, tae atu ki te kai tahi, me te kōrerorero noa – ērā āhuatanga nui o te manaakitanga. He wā anō he mea pōwhiri mātou kia tae ake ki tētahi wānanga, ki tētahi hui, kia pai ai te tūtaki ki te whānau, me te kawe i ngā uiuinga. I tētahi o ngā haere, i runga i te kawa me ngā tikanga o te marae, i uru mātou ki te whakatau, me te kai tahi, koia ētahi mea i ea kia tika ai te haere o te rangahau. I Kaitaia, kitea ana kia kaua e wehea te reo Māori me te whanaketanga o te reo i ngā āhuatanga o te iwi, o te hapū, o te marae, o te whenua. E tū kaha ana te tino rangatiratanga, koia e tārai ana i ngā mahi whakapūmau, whakapakari i te reo i waenganui i te hapori. Mārama ana te kite, i ngā paparanga katoa, i te kaha o te mana motuhake e haere kōtui ana ki te ngākau titikaha ki te ‘kawe noa ake i te mahi’, i ērā kātahi tonu nei ka tīmata ki te ako i te reo Māori, tae noa atu ki ōna anō tohunga ki te reo. Hei whakarāpopoto ake, ko tā ngā whānau me ngā pou reo i whakaatu mai ai ki ngā kairangahau, ko tō rātou aroha nui, tō rātou ū ki te reo Māori, me tō rātou whakapono ko te reo Māori tētahi mea e hauora ai te whānau, te hapū, te iwi, te marae, te whenua, me ngā hapori i Kaitaia. Nō mātou katoa te whiwhi i whai wāhi atu mātou ki te rangahautanga. Kua hihiri ake ko ō mātou ngākau i ngā mahi e mahi nei ngā whānau, ngā kaupapa e whakaritea nei e rātou, me tō rātou aumangea ki te ‘mahi noa i te mahi’, ka kōrero noa i te reo Māori. Ko te tūmanako, ka āwhina tēnei rangahau i ngā mahi i tīmataria i te hia tau ki muri nei e ngā tāngata o Kaitaia hei painga mō ngā whānau o nāianei me ngā mokopuna o ngā rā kei tua. Jenny Lee-Morgan Eruera Morgan He kupu arataki 4 He tino kōrero Ko ngā kōrero i raro nei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero i hua ake i ngā uiuinga o ngā whānau i te hapori o Kaitaia.  Ko wai mā kei te kōrero Māori, ki a wai? E 30 ngā pakeke, e rua ngā tamariki i uiuia i Kaitaia, ko rātou katoa kei te kaupapa o te reo Māori e haere ana – arā, he kōrero Māori rānei, he tautoko rānei i ētahi atu e kōrero Māori ana. Ko te mea tamariki katoa, he iti ake i te 10 ōna tau, ko te mea pakeke katoa, kua hipa ake i te 65 ngā tau. Kia kore ai e mōhiotia ko wai a wai, kāore e pūrongorongohia he kōrero mō tētahi rōpū iti ake i te tokowhā. Nō reira, kāore i whakaurua mai ngā whakautu a ngā tamariki tokorua i uiua ki te pūrongo nei. Heoi anō, i whakaurua ā rāua whakautu ki ngā raraunga o ngā tamariki e kōrerotia ana i te pūrongo ā-motu o Te Ahu o te Reo. He kaha te tūpono kōrero Māori a ngā pakeke ki ētahi o whakatupuranga kē o roto i ō rātou whānau. Ko te nuinga o ngā pakeke e kōrero Māori ana i te katoa o te wā, i te nuinga rānei o te wā ki ō rātou hoa me ērā atu e mōhio ana rātou, me he mōhio aua tāngata ki te kōrero Māori. I te marae, mō ngā kōrerorero i waenga i ngā whakatupuranga e rua neke atu, i waenga rānei i te whakatupuranga kotahi, he kaha te tūpono haere kōtui o ngā reo e rua – te reo Māori me te reo Pākehā. I ngā kōrerorero i te marae ko te reo Māori anake, ko te reo Māori rānei te reo matua e rere ana, e ai ki ngā pakeke he nui ake te tūpono pēnei te āhua ina kōrero te pakeke ki te pakeke, te kaumātua rānei ki te tamariki, tēnā i te kōrero a te pakeke ki te tamariki, te tamariki rānei ki te tamariki. E kōrerotia ana te reo Māori i hea? I waenganui i te whānau, he kaha te tupono kōrero Māori a ngā pakeke i ō rātou kāinga, i ētahi atu wāhi rānei kei reira rātou me te whānau. He tokomaha ngā pakeke e noho ana ki tētahi kāinga ko te reo Māori me te reo Pākehā, te reo Māori rānei me tētahi atu reo rānei i tua atu i te reo Pākehā e kōrerotia ana i reira. Tekau ngā pakeke i mea ake ko te reo Māori te reo matua i ō rātou kāinga. Tekau ngā pakeke i mea mai he hononga ō rātou ki tētahi atu kāinga, ā, o roto i tērā tekau, tokorua i mea mai ko te reo Māori te reo matua o taua kāinga tuarua. Ko te nuinga i tohu mai ko te reo Māori te reo matua i ō rātou kāinga, i mea mai anō kei reira anō hoki te reo Pākehā, tētahi atu reo rānei e kōrerotia ana. He pēhea te kaha, te rahi o te kōrero? Kei te takiwā o te rua hautoru o te hunga i uiuia i mea mai he pai, he pai rawa atu rānei tō rātou mōhio ki te kōrero, ki te tuhi i te reo Māori, tae atu ki te whakarongo me te pānui i te reo Māori i runga i te mārama. 5 TŪTOHI 1 Te kaha o ngā pākeke ki te kōrero, ki te tuhi, ki te whakarongo, ki te pānui i te reo Māori Ngā pūkenga taha whakaputa reo Ngā pūkenga taha mārama ki te reo Kōrero Tuhi Whakarongo Pānui He pai rawa atu 15 14 15 16 He pai 4 5 7 3 He āhua pai 7 5 4 8 Kāore i tino pai 3 2 3 3 Kāore i tua atu i ētahi kupu noa iho, ētahi kīanga rānei 1 4 1 0 Tekau mā whā o ngā pakeke e 30 i patapataihia i mea mai e pai ana ki a rātou te rahi o te reo Māori e kōrerotia ana e rātou i ngā mahi o ia rā, 16 i mea mai kāore i pai. He aha ngā kaupapa e kawea ana ki te reo Māori? I uia ngā momo kaupapa kawea ai ki te reo Māori i waenganui i te whānau, me ngā momo kaupapa kawea ai ki te reo Māori i te marae. Mō te wāhi ki te kōrero Māori tahi me te whānau, i mea mai ngā pakeke ka tukua te reo Māori hei āta kōrero i ētahi tū kaupapa, ka tukua rānei hei kōrero i te tini noa o ngā kaupapa, i ngā kaupapa katoa. I te marae, ko te karanga, ko te whaikōrero, ko te karakia, ā, i ngā wāhanga ōkawa o ngā hui, tērā pea ka rere ko te reo Māori anake, koia rānei te reo matua hei kawe i aua wāhanga. Engari mō ngā kōrerorero i ngā wā, i ngā wāhi taka kai i te marae, he haere kōtui te reo Māori me te reo Pākehā. He aha ngā take e kōrerotia ai te reo Māori, kāore rānei e kōrerotia, i tēnā horopaki, i tēnā horopaki? I uia ngā tāngata ki tā rātou kōrero Māori i te mahi, i ā rātou mahi ako, i ngā mahi tūao me ngā mahi i te hapori. E ai ki tā rātou, he māmā ake te tuku i te reo kia rere i ētahi horopaki, tēnā i ētahi atu. Hei tauira, he māmā ake mēnā kei te taiao Māori, tae atu anō ki te marae me te kura. Engari, ki te kore he tāngata hei kōrero Māori atu mā rātou, ki te whakaaro rānei rātou ko te reo Pākehā kē te reo e whakapono ana t/ētahi atu ka puta i ō rātou waha, hei reira ka uaua te kōrero Māori. I uaua hoki ki ngā pakeke te kōrero Māori i ngā wā ko te taumata reo o te hoa kōrero, kei runga ake, kei raro iho rānei i tō rātou. Ko tētahi pātai anō, he aha ngā take, ngā kaupapa, ngā wāhi rānei i pai ai ki a rātou te kōrero Māori, ā, i māmā ai ki a rātou te kōrero Māori. Ko te take matua i pai ai ki ngā pakeke te kōrero Māori, i te mea he wāhanga te reo nō tō rātou tuakiri Māori. Arā anō ētahi hui, ētahi kaupapa, he taura reo Māori rānei kua whiria ki tētahi tangata, ko te noho ki te taiao kōrero Māori, tae atu ki te marae me te kura, koinei anō ētahi āhuatanga i māmā ai te kōrero Māori ki ngā hoa kōrero Māori me ētahi atu tāngata e mōhio ana rātou. He aha ngā momo tautoko e mātua hiahiatia ana ki te whakahoki mai i te reo Māori hei reo mataora tonu, hei reo kōrerorero noa o ia rā? E rua ngā mea i mātua tautohua e ngā pakeke i Kaitaia ka āwhina i a rātou kia kaha ake te kōrero Māori i ō rātou kāinga, i ngā kōrero tahi ki ngā hoa, i ō rātou hapori, i te mahi, i ngā mahi ako, me ngā mahi tūao: ko te ako i te reo Māori me te noho mai o ētahi tāngata hei hoa kōrero Māori. He tino kōreroHe tino kōrero 6 Te Ahu o te Reo | He Pūrongo Poto mō Kaitaia TŪTOHI 2 Ngā mea āwhina i ngā pakeke kia kaha ake tā rātou kōrero Māori Te ako i te reo Māori: te whai rauemi reo Māori Te whai hoa kōrero Māori Te whakatakoto whāinga whaiaro mō te whakamahi i te reo Māori Te whakatairanga me te kitea o te reo Māori I te kāinga √ √ √ Me ngā hoa √ √ I ngā hapori √ √ √ I te mahi/ i te mahi ako / i te mahi tūao √ √ Ngā nekeneke i te reo Māori i Kaitaia Ko tā te ariā Kore–Pō–Awatea (arā, ko te Zero–Passive–Active, ko ZePA tōna ingoa poto) he tautohu i ngā āhuatanga e puta ai he hua pai (he neke matau), he hua kino rānei (he neke mauī) ki te kaha rere o te reo Māori i ngā ngutu o te iwi. Ko tā ngā āhuatanga neke matau, he kawe i te hapori ki te Awatea, e hauora ake ai pea te reo Māori. Ko tā ngā āhuatanga neke mauī, he kawe whaka-te-Kore i te hapori, e hē kē atu ai te hauora o te reo. Kei te hapori kotahi pea ngā āhuatanga e rua – ngā āhuatanga whaka-te-matau, ngā āhuatanga whaka-te-mauī. Ko ētahi tauira o ēnei hanga, ko ngā waiaro, ko ngā whakatau, ko ngā whanonga, ko ngā mahi tērā e puta ai he pānga ki te kōrerotia o te reo Māori. E whakamahia ana e mātou te tauira ZePA i konei hei whakangangahu ake i te whakaahua e puta ake ana o te hauora o te reo Māori i Kaitaia. Kei raro nei ētahi o ngā kupu ake a ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki e whakaata ana i ētahi o ngā āhuatanga neke matau, neke mauī kei te hapori nei. Ngā nekeneke whaka-te-matau i Kaitaia Kore Pō Awatea I roto i ngā kōrero a ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki mō ētahi o ngā mea kei te āwhina, kei te whakatītina rānei i a rātou kia kōrero Māori, i kitea ake ētahi āhuatanga whaka-te-matau kei te hapori nei. Hei tauira: • Hoki mai ki te kāinga, ka taea e au te kōrero ahakoa te aha. • [ka] noho tahi tātou ... kia rumaki te reo Māori me ōna toronga katoa kia ngākau mahaki. • Waimarie koe kei waenganui koe i te rōpū matatau ki te reo, engari, mō mātou e kore e taea horekau he hoa tautoko i a koe nā reira ko Te Ataarangi tētahi mea pai, he whānau anō rātou. • Surrounding myself with confident speakers as much as possible. • Being around people that speak well, that speak properly and that I feel are challenging me. • E hiahia ana ahau ki te awhi atu i ētahi atu kia whānui aku māramatanga ki ngā tamariki o te kura, ki aku mokopuna hoki. 7 Ngā nekeneke whaka-te-mauī i Kaitaia Kore Pō Awatea I ngā kōrero a ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki mō ētahi o ngā mea kei te whakauaua i tā rātou kōrero Māori, i kitea ētahi āhuatanga whaka-te-mauī kei te hapori nei. Hei tauira: • It’s hard when around non-te reo Māori speakers. • Te nuinga o ngā tāngata ki Kaitaia kare i te mōhio ki te reo. • People I’m around who don’t speak it. • He pai ake tōku reo Pākehā ki tōku reo Māori. • No one at work speaks Māori there. • My own self-confidence. Ko ngā āhuatanga whakatematau i Kaitaia e āta hono ana ki te iwi, ki ngā hapū, ki ngā marae, ki te whenua. Ko te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga neke mauī, he mea, he horopaki rānei e hē ai te noho a te tangata kōrero Māori, e noho wehe ai ia i ētahi atu tāngata korero Māori, e kore ai rānei e hanga māori noa iho te kōrero Māori. He whakaatu tā tēnei wāhanga i te noho mai o ngā waiaro, ngā whakatau, ngā whanonga me ngā mahi hei āhuatanga whaka-te-matau e tautohu ana i ngā mea kei te hāpai i te reo Māori i Kaitaia, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga whaka-te-mauī koia e aukati ana, e whakararu ana i te kōrero Māori. Mā te whakamahi i te tauira ZePA hei titiro ki ngā tini āhuatanga ka hua ake i te wāhanga e whai ake nei o te pūrongo, ka tohua pea he ara whakamua mō Kaitaia, e kaha ake ai, e pai ake ai te rere o te reo Māori i ngā koko maha o te hapori – i te kāinga, i te kura, i te mahi (mahi utu, mahi tūao), i ngā wāhi ako, otirā, i te hapori nui tonu. He tino kōrero 8 He kaupapa kōrero Te whenua Mai i Maungataniwha i te tonga, puta atu ki Herekino, toro atu ki Ahipara, ki Takahue, hāngai noa te titiro ki Pēria, heke iho ki Raetea, ko te rohe tēnei o Kaitaia i Te Tai Tokerau. He tāone a Kaitaia i Te Tai Tokerau. Kei te pito whakatetonga o Te Aupōuri. Ngā iwi Ko ngā mana whenua o Kaitaia, ko Te Aupōuri, ko Ngāti Kurī, ko Ngāti Kahu, ko Te Rarawa, ko Ngāi Takoto, ko Ngāti Kahu/Ngāpuhi Nui Tonu, ko Te Pātū. Ngā iwi o Te Hiku o te Ika3 E ai ki te tatauranga ā-motu o te tau 2013, e 20,031 ngā tāngata (e 36% o te taupori) o Te Hiku o te Ika e whakapapa ana ki t/ētahi iwi Māori. O ēnei, 12,372 nō Ngāpuhi, e 3,585 nō Te Rarawa, e 2,100 nō Ngāti Kahu. Ko ētahi ētahi iwi tokomaha, ko Te Aupōuri (1,548 tāngata) me Ngāti Kurī (1,476 tāngata). Katoa ēnei he iwi nō Te Tai Tokerau (Tatauranga ā-Motu 2013).4 Te taupori E ai anō ki Te Tatauranga Whānui o te 2013, he tata ki te 56,000 ngā tāngata kei Te Hiku o te Ika e noho ana i te nuinga o te wā. He Māori tētahi wehenga nui o tēnei rahi, e 44 ōrau te rahi. Ko ngāi tauiwi tētahi 66 ōrau o te taupori o Te Hiku o te Ika. E 32 ōrau o ngāi Māori kei Te Hiku o te Ika, he kōrero Māori. Tekau mā rima ōrau o te taupori nui tonu o Te Hiku o te Ika, he kōrero Māori. Me whakatairite ēnei kōrero ki te taupori o te motu nui tonu – he Māori tētahi 15 ōrau, he Pākehā tētahi 74 ōrau5 (Tatauranga Whānui 2013). I Aotearoa whānui, e 21 ōrau o te iwi Māori nui tonu, he kōrero Māori. Ko te reo e kōrero nuitia ana i muri i te reo Pākehā, ko te reo Māori; ko tōna 4 ōrau o te taupori nui o te motu kei te kōrero Māori (Tatauranga Whānui 2013). 3 Ko ngā tatauranga e whakamahia ana i konei, e pā ana ki te katoa o Te Hiku o te Ika. E kohia ana he raraunga mō te rohe o Te Hiku o te Ika e pā ana ki ngā iwi me te reo mā roto i te Tatauranga Whānui. He āhua tata tērā rohe me Te Tai Tokerau, engari kāore i rite pū. Heoi anō, e āhua hāngai tonu ana ngā pārongo o te Tatauranga Whānui kua kapohia mō roto nei ki te āhua i Te Tai Tokerau. 4 I te Tatauranga Whānui, e whakaaetia ana kia nui atu i te iwi Māori kotahi e kōwhiria. 5 I te Tatauranga Whānui, e whakaaetia ana kia nui atu i te iwi kotahi o te ao whānui e kōwhiria. 9 Te Reo i Kaitaia i nga tau 1970 I oti i a Richard Benton me tana tīma rangahau i te tau 1970 he rīpoata mo te hāpori o Kaitaia. I whakaaturia e ia nga kōrero nehe mo te wehenga ki te reo, kō atu i te wha tekau tau nei te roa. Ko nga kōrero e whai ake nei nō taua rīpoata. Community report: The Māori language in Kaitaia and surrounding communities6 In three of these communities, Ngapuhi and Te Aupouri were the two major iwi represented. In Kaitaia about half the people mentioned Ngapuhi as their main iwi, and about a quarter Te Aupouri; Awanui had three-fourths Ngapuhi and one-fourth Te Aupouri, while in Kareponia two-thirds were Te Aupouri and one- third Ngapuhi. In Pukepoto, Ngapuhi was also one of two major iwi, mentioned by a fifth of the people; however four-fifths belonged to Te Rarawa, making Pukepoto the only predominantly Rarawa community among the six covered by this report. In Pamapuria, a little over one third of the people visited also belonged to Te Rarawa; the other major iwi there were Ngapuhi (one third) and Ngati Kahu (just under a third). There were several iwi in Ahipara, but the most numerous were Ngapuhi and Te Rarawa (just over one-third of the people each) and Te Aupouri (about one-eighth). Altogether, Ngapuhi was the only one of the four major northern iwi mentioned by a tenth or more of the people in each of these communities. Use of the Māori language in the household In most of the households English seemed to be used more often than Māori: however, there were important differences in language use from one kind of household to another. For example, there were quite noticeable differences between those homes in which all the household members were over 15 years of age, and those where there were school-age or preschool children present. In [homes without children], the language normally used for conversation when the family were all together was Māori at least half of the time, if not all the time. On the other hand ... those families which included young children tended to use mostly English. The main exception as a community was Pamapuria, where three of the seven families we visited used either mostly Māori (one family), or Māori and English about equally (two families). The urgency of the language situation was not lost on the families we visited. As some of the people said, the school has a big role. Bilingual education is definitely needed, and the more delay there is in establishing a programme in primary schools, the more of a struggle the system will have in succeeding as the language resources of the Māori community continue to be eroded. It will be an uphill struggle to revive the language, but the people will have to keep trying, for, as one housewife told us she discovered, “you can speak Māori if you have to.” Determination and persistence can go a long way in assisting the school, and also the marae, in restoring Māori language and culture to its former place of importance in daily life. However, reviving the Māori language is too important and too complicated a process to be left to the schools and the Kōhanga Reo alone. Radio, television, government departments and business firms alike all have a part to play in restoring the language to its proper place, and so does each family. One young mother from Kaitaia had a good idea which others could also share. She thought that teaching Māori in schools would give a good chance to reviving the language, but instead of waiting around until her children were of school age, she got their grandfather to help her teach them Māori before they started school. For families like this, and many other people who would like to see the Māori language given a new lease of life, the Kōhanga Reo and bilingual education could be an invaluable 6 Benton, N. (1986). The Māori language in Kaitaia and neighbouring communities. (Pānui whakamōhio information bulletin 115). Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Kupu tāpiri: i waiho kua mau tonu te āhua tūturu o ngā kōrero i tangohia i ngā pūrongo ake, kāore i rawekehia kia ū ki ngā tikanga tuhi o nāianei. He kaupapa kōrero 10 Te Ahu o te Reo | He Pūrongo Poto mō Kaitaia source of support outside the home and the marae, paving the way for wider use of Māori in offices and shops as well as on radio and television, as the language and its speakers gain strength and influence. Māori language acquisition and use in homes and schools were key concerns for the community in the 1970s and, as the 2015 survey shows, they remain so today. 11 He kōrero nō Kaitaia Ko tēnei tirohanga whānui ki te reo Māori i Kaitaia te whakakotahitanga o ngā kōrero matua i hua ake i ngā uiuinga i ētahi pou reo e toru. Koia ēnei, ko Haami Piripi (Tumuaki, Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa), ko Peter- Lucas Jones (Pou Whakahaere, Te Hiku o Te Ika), ko Delanie Parangi (Pouārahi ki Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Rangi Aniwaniwa). Kei raro nei ētahi o ngā whakaaro maha, o ngā wawata maha i whakapuakina mai e te tokotoru nei mō te reo Māori. Ko Kaitaia te tāone matua o Te Hiku o te Ika, koia te pūtahi mō ngā whānau e noho ana ki reira me ērā o te taiwhenua ka haere ki te tāone ki te mahi, ki te hokohoko, ki te whakangahau, ki te aha atu. Ko ētahi o aua wāhi kei te taiwhenua, he “kāinga Māori, e kapi katoa ana te wāhi ki te tangata Māori” pērā i Te Hāpua, i Te Kao, me Ngātaki. E ai ki ngā pou reo, koinei ngā paeora o te reo Māori i te mea: Ko te noho motuhake o ērā kāinga ki a rātou anō. Koirā te mea i tino ora ai te reo Māori i roto o ērā kainga—te noho pātata o ngā whānau, te mahi tahi. E maringi tonu ana te reo Māori i ngā ngutu hei kawe i ngā kaupapa huhua i Kaitaia, pērā i te mahi māra, te mahinga kai, te whakateretere kūmara, te hī ika, te hao ngohi, te mahi pāmu; “me te kaupapa ako”. Kei roto o Kaitaia ōna anō whānau āta whakapau i ō rātou kaha ki te reo Māori, e kīia nei ratou e ngā pou reo ko “the ones who live and breathe kaupapa Māori”. Kei ngā kaupapa huhua ēnei tāngata, tae atu ki ngā rongoā Māori, te waka hourua, ngā toi, ngā mahi rēhia me ngā tākaro a te Māori, me ngā kaupapa taiao. Āpiti atu ki ēnei, ko ngā … whānau e piri pono ana ki te kaupapa, ki te Kōhanga Reo, ki te Kura Kaupapa Māori. He tokomaha ngā tāngata o ngā papa kāinga o waho tata atu kua neke ki Kaitaia mō te mahi, i nui ake ai te taupori kōrero Māori o te tāone nei. Heoi anō, arā anō ētahi kua wehe i Kaitaia, kua heke ki te tonga noho ai, tae atu ki ētahi i tipu ake me te reo Māori. He pānga kino tēnei ki te reo i roto o Kaitaia. Ko tētahi kōrero anō i puta i ngā pou reo, arā ētahi kua hia tau e ngaro ana, nō te hokinga mai ki te wā kāinga, kua mauria mai he reo Māori kē anō i wāhi kē, ā, kua puta he pānga kino i tēnei tūāhua ki te mita o te wā kāinga. Kua ngaro haere te reo ake o Te Hiku o te Ika, kua uru mai he reo ā-motu. Kua korekore ngā pākeke i whakatipu mai i roto i te reo o te kāinga. Ko te hūnukutanga o ngā whānau Māori ki ngā tāone nui kimi mahi ai, ki te rapu mahi, ki te rapu oranga … te rerekē o ngā whakatipuranga kōrero Māori. Ko te whai i te kūmara, ko te whai mahi, kua uru mai he reo rerekē noa atu. Ngā āhuatanga matua kei te kōkiri i ngā kaupapa reo Māori i Kaitaia We’ve got to get our reo out there, get our whānau speaking it, learning it, and living it. He mea whakaahua e ngā pou reo te mōriroriro haere o te reo Māori mai i te wā e tamariki ana rātou. Kua kite, kua rongo rātou i te iti haere o te kōrero Māori i ngā hui ōkawa me ngā nekeneke o ia rā. 12 Te Ahu o te Reo | He Pūrongo Poto mō Kaitaia Kua uru mai te reo Pākehā i roto i ngā kauhau o ngā karakia o naianei. Kua uru te reo Pākehā ki roto i ngā kauhau a te minita karakia. Ehara i te mea ko te reo Māori i te reo kawe i ngā kaupapa, ko te reo o te Pākehā kē. Ko tēnei reanga e hāpai ana i te reo mahi, engari kua kahakore rātou ki te kōrero i te reo ia rā. I whakaahuatia hoki e rātou te tāmitanga o te reo Māori i Kaitaia e ētahi Pākehā kāore i ngākau pai ki te reo Māori. I ētahi marama tata i mua i ngā uiuinga, e rua, neke atu rānei ngā pakihi i mea atu ki ā rātou kaimahi kia kaua rātou e kōrero Māori, kia kaua hoki e mihi ki te kiritaki ki te reo Māori. Ko ngā kupu ake ēnei a tētahi o ngā pou reo, “E pēhia ana te reo e tauiwi.” We still have that colonial blanket … Kei konei ngā Pākehā e hapa tonu ana i te reo Māori. Ahakoa i noho nei rātou e hia nei ngā reanga ... I’m convinced that the only reason [some] Pākehā mispronounce our reo is out of disrespect. I homai e ngā pou reo ētahi atu take kua tawhiti haere ētahi i te reo Māori. Ko te pouaka whakaata tētahi, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga ōhanga anō tētahi. Ko te mate pea ko te pouaka whakaata, ko te matapihi ki te ao nui. He rerekē ngā whakaaro o ngā tamariki i ēnei rā. Kua kite tēnei tūmomo āhua i puta i ngā tekau tau kua pahure. Our parents and grandparents, ahakoa kua kōrero Māori rātou ki a rātou anō, kīhai i kōrero Māori ki a mātou… “hei aha te reo Māori me ū ki te reo Pākehā …ki a Pata rāua ko Parāoa, kei reira te tino huarahi”. E mea ana anō rātou ka waimehatia anō te mita o te hau kainga ina riro i ngā tāngata kua ako i te reo Māori i waho o te rohe ētahi tūranga whaimana, pērā i tō te kaiako Māori, me tāna tuku i tōna anō reo Māori ki ngā ākonga. E taimaha tonu ana te reo o konei hei reo kōrero, hei reo rangatira, hei reo mana motuhake. Kua mimiti te puna o te hunga kōrero Māori, kua uru mai ngā uri o Te Kura Kaupapa Māori, he reo anō. Kua uruuru mai ētahi pouako nō waho o te rohe ka kawea e rātou ā rātou kupu me ō rātou ake reo. Āpiti atu ki tēnei, ko te reo o te kura, e anga nui ana ki te marautanga me te akomanga. Ki tā ngā pou reo, he rerekē tērā reo i te reo o te kāinga. Te reo o te kāinga, he rerekē noa atu ki te reo i roto i ngā kura. He uaua hoki ki te tokomaha e noho ana ki te rohe te whakanoho mai i te ako i te reo Māori ki mua haere ai i roto i ā rātou whāinga, nā ngā pīkautanga taha mahi, me ngā taumahatanga taha moni. Everyone is just so busy just trying to make ends meet for their whānau, so it’s hard to pursue te reo. Ko te whai kia kaha ake te kōrero o te reo Māori tētahi whāinga a ngā pou reo. I mea hoki rātou kei te pīrangi ngā whānau ki te reo mō ā rātou tamariki. Kei te minamina hoki ngā kaumātua ki te kōrero mō ngā āhuatanga kua kite ō rātou whatu, kua rongo ō rātou taringa i roto i ngā tau, tae atu ki ā rātou whawhai mō te reo Māori, me ngā kōrero reo Māori a ō rātou mātua me ō rātou kaumātua e pā ana ki ngā take nui. I kōrero ngā pou reo mō te horonga o te Taunga Rererangi o Kaitaia i ngā marama tata kua mahue ake, me te wāhi ki ngā kaumātua hei whakamārama i te pūtakenga mai o te tohe: They [kaumātua] take us back to when their parents or grandparents were here, what their beliefs are— all in [te reo] Māori. I whakatāiritia e ngā pou reo te mahinga nui a te Kōhanga Reo, te Puna Reo me te Kura Kaupapa Māori i morimoria ai te reo Māori e te ngutu i Kaitaia, “Kei reira he tino hua mō te reo Māori.” Ki a rātou, me mātua matatau ko ngā kaiako, hei reira ka pakari te reo o ngā ākonga. Pēnā he tino pai te reo o ngā kaiako, ka tino pai hoki te reo o ngā tauira. Pēnā ka tino tau te reo o te kaiako, kātahi ka tino eke te reo o te tauira. Āwangawanga i te ngoikore o te reo o ngā pouako. 13 He rautaki, he kaupapa hoki i whakakaha ake i te rere o te reo Māori i te rohe Ko ētahi kaupapa kua kawea ake hei whakatītina i te iwi kia ako i te reo Māori, ko Te Reo o te Kāinga, ko Whakapiki i te Reo Māori, ko Te Ataarangi me Te Ara Reo. Arā anō ngā wānanga raranga, whakairo kua tū ki ngā marae. Ko tētahi atu, ko te whakatūnga o tētahi papa whakatipu rākau, ā he kaumātua i reira e tuku ana i ō rātou mātauranga, ki te reo Māori, mō te māra kai, ngā rākau māori, ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā rongoā. Ko Te Hiku Media anō tētahi wāhi e ripo ai te kakara o te reo Māori i ngā kawenga o ia rā i roto i te mahi, e ripo anō ai ki te rohe me te motu whānui rā runga i ngā ara pāpāho. Kei te kite anō ngā pou reo e āta hāpainga ana Te Wiki o te Reo Māori e te tokomaha o roto i te hapori. Ka whakairia e ōna anō toa hoko ngā tohu reorua, e nui ake ai te kitea o te reo Māori i te tāone i taua wiki. Heoi anō, he harore rangi tahi tōna rite. Māori language week is really big, but a month goes by and everyone is waiting for the next year’s Māori language week. I kōrerotia anō te ara whakatakoto take ki te Tiriti o Waitangi – he whaitua anō tērā i rere ai te reo Māori. He moemoeā I whakaatu mai anō ngā pou reo e toru i ō rātou tūmanako mō te reo Māori ki Kaitaia, me tō rātou popore nui kia rite tonu tō rātou rongo i te reo Māori e kōrerotia ana i ngā wāhi katoa. Tamariki and whānau speaking Māori wherever they are, out in the community, out in the town. Love to hear the reo consistently, rather than the odd word here and there. Me tō rātou whakaae anō, e eke ai tēnei moemoeā, me noho tāhuhu mai ko te whānau, ko te marae me te kura ki tētahi mahere whakaora reo. Me mātua whiwhi rauemi reo Māori anō, tae atu ki ngā rauemi noho ipurangi. E whāngaia ana [te reo] i ngā whānau, i ngā hapori. Ko te mea nui kia piki ake te reo kia whai ope, kāhui korero Māori kia pakari ai ngā marae, ngā kura, ngā whānau hoki. Māori language websites would be a dream, great for the kids [at kura]. Kei ō rātou moemoeā tētahi wāhi mō ngā rautaki ā-rohe, ā-motu, ā-hapū, ā-iwi anō, hei taupua, hei whakakaha ake i te rere o te reo Māori. E wawatatia ana anō hoki e rātou te toro atu o te reo Māori ki ētahi whaitua hou, tae atu ki ngā wāhi mahi, hei rautaki e kaha ake ai te kōrerotia o te reo i Kaitaia. Kia whakauru ai te reo ki roto i ngā tūranga mahi, kia kamakama ake, kia horo ai te tipu o te reo ki tēnei rohe. Ko tētahi rautaki whāiti i āta whakahuatia hei maimoa i te reo o Kaitaia, ko tēnei: “Kia kaha tātou ki te whakaemi i ngā kīrehu, kīwaha o tēnei takiwā.” E ai ki tā ngā pou reo nei, he hono kaha kei waenganui i te tuakiri me te mana, me te nui ake o te kōrero Māori. I kōrero rātou mō te hāpai me te whakatairanga i te mana Māori, i te mea mā reira e tūhauora ake ai te reo Māori, e whanonga māori anō ai te kōrero Māori ā ngā rā e heke mai nei. Me tīmata mai i tō tātou ake mana mātauranga Māori motuhake, kia rangatira ai ngā kaupapa motuhake. Me huri kē tātou ki te tautoko me te whakamana i te reo Māori. Kei hea ngā tautoko hai whakawhirinaki i te reo kia tautoko i ngā kura, i ngā kapa haka, i ngā reo irirangi? Kia kaha ake ai ngā iwi ki te tautoko ā-pūtea i ngā kaupapa ā-reo. He kōrero nō Kaitaia 14 He meka • I ngā tau o ngā 1970, i tautohua a Kaitaia hei hapori e kaha ana te reo Māori i reira. • I te tau 2015, ko te nuinga o te hunga pakeke i patapataihia i runga i Te Ahu o te Reo, he tino matatau ki te reo Māori. • Kei tōna hautoru te rahi o ngā pakeke i mea ake ko te reo Māori te reo matua e kōrerotia ana i ō rātou kāinga. • He paku iti ake i te haurua o ngā pakeke e mea ana ko te kaha, ko te rahi o tā rātou kōrero Māori, e pai ana ki a rātou. • I ētahi whānau i Kaitaia, e whāngaia ana te reo e t/ētahi whakatupuranga ki t/ētahi atu. • Kei te kaha te arotahi a ngā iwi o Kaitaia ki tō rātou mita, ki tō rātou reo ā-iwi. • He take nui te ngaro atu o ngā tāngata o te hau kāinga ko te reo Māori tō rātou reo ūkaipō ki wāhi kē noho ai. • E māharaharatia ana te waimeha haere o te mita o te hau kāinga i te kuhunga mai o te rāwaho i te hapori, me te hokinga mai o ētahi o te hau kāinga kua ako i te reo Māori i wāhi kē. • He taupori kōrero Māori matahuhua a Kaitaia. Koia te tāone matua o Te Hiku o te Ika, te pūtahitanga o ngā kāinga Māori o te rohe ko rātou nei ngā pā tūwatawata o te reo Māori i roto o Muriwhenua. • I kōrerotia mai ētahi mahi tātā a tauiwi i te hunga kōrero Māori i Kaitaia. • E kaha ana te hāpai a Te Hiku Media i te reo Māori i Kaitaia. • I kōrerotia te wāhi nui ki a Whakapiki i te Reo Māori, Te Ara Reo, me Te Reo o te Kāinga, tae atu ki ngā kaumātua e hora ana i ō rātou mātauranga ki te māra kai, ngā rākau māori, ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā rongoā – katoa ēnei he tautoko nui i te reo Māori i Kaitaia.