Bit By Bit - pātai aniraa - 3.1 Whakataki Toggle navigation Bit By Bit : Social Research in the Digital Age Mō Arotake tuwhera Torokī Code Mō te Kaituhi Tūmataitinga & whakaaetanga reo English Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Corsican Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Frisian Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish (Kurmanji) Kyrgyz Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Samoan Scots Gaelic Serbian Sesotho Shona Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sudanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Xhosa Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Teaching Media Read Online Hokona te pukapuka Princeton University Press Amazon Barnes and Noble IndieBound Preface 1 Whakataki 1.1 He tongi waituhi 1.2 Nau mai ki te ao mamati 1.3 hoahoa Rangahau 1.4 Kaupapa o tenei pukapuka 1.4.1 Readymades ko Custommades 1.4.2 Faingofua mo whīwhiwhi 1.4.3 Matatika nga wahi katoa 1.5 Whakahuahua o te pukapuka 2 whanonga Tauhi 2.1 Whakataki 2.2 raraunga Big 2.3 āhuatanga Common o te raraunga nui 2.3.1 āhuatanga e he pai te tikanga mo te rangahau 2.3.1.1 Big 2.3.1.2 tonu-i runga i 2.3.1.3 Non-urupare 2.3.2 āhuatanga e te hunga te tikanga kino mō te rangahau 2.3.2.1 Tarepa 2.3.2.2 uaua 2.3.2.3 Non-māngai 2.3.2.4 painu 2.3.2.5 Algorithmically whakama 2.3.2.6 Dirty 2.3.2.7 Tairongo 2.4 rautaki Rangahau 2.4.1 mea Counting 2.4.1.1 Taxis i New York City 2.4.1.2 Friendship hanganga i roto i ngā ākonga 2.4.1.3 Rāhui o te pāpāho pāpori i te kāwanatanga Chinese 2.4.2 Matapae me nowcasting 2.4.3 ngā Approximating 2.4.3.1 ngā Natural 2.4.3.2 Matching 2.5 Opaniraa tāpiritanga Hangarau kōrero atu ngohe 3 pātai aniraa 3.1 Whakataki 3.2 aniraa vs. te mātakitaki 3.3 Ko te katoa anga hapa rangahau 3.3.1 Representation 3.3.2 Measurement 3.3.3 Utu 3.4 Ko wai ki te ui 3.4.1 Tūponotanga tīpako: kohinga raraunga me raraunga tātari 3.4.2 tauira Non-tūponotanga: Nuiōrau 3.4.3 tauira Non-tūponotanga: tauira ōrite 3.5 ara New o ui pātai 3.5.1 aromatawai rangitahi kau Ecological 3.5.2 rangahau Wiki 3.5.3 Gamification 3.6 Surveys hono ki ētahi atu raraunga 3.6.1 Maori tono 3.6.2 aniraa taonga 3.7 Opaniraa tāpiritanga Hangarau kōrero atu ngohe 4 ngā Running 4.1 Whakataki 4.2 He aha e ngā whakamātau? 4.3 E rua ngā āhuatanga o ngā: taiwhanga-mara, me te tairitenga-mamati 4.4 Moving tua atu ngā ohie 4.4.1 tekiona 4.4.2 Heterogeneity o pānga maimoatanga 4.4.3 Mechanisms 4.5 Te hanga tupu te reira 4.5.1 Just rave i te reira koe 4.5.1.1 taiao Whakamahia ngā 4.5.1.2 Hanga koutou ake whakamātau 4.5.1.3 Hanga koutou ake hua 4.5.2 Partner ki te kaha 4.6 Whakamaherehere 4.6.1 Waihanga kore raraunga utu tāupe 4.6.2 Whakakapia, Whakapaingia, ka Whakaititia 4.7 Opaniraa tāpiritanga Hangarau kōrero atu ngohe 5 Mass mahi tahi 5.1 Whakataki 5.2 tätaitanga Human 5.2.1 tupuni Zoo 5.2.2 Crowd-waehere o manifestos tōrangapū 5.2.3 Opaniraa 5.3 waea Open 5.3.1 Netflix paraihe 5.3.2 Foldit 5.3.3 Hoa-ki-Patent 5.3.4 Opaniraa 5.4 kohinga raraunga Tūaritia 5.4.1 eBird 5.4.2 PhotoCity 5.4.3 Opaniraa 5.5 te hoahoa koutou ake 5.5.1 kaiuru whakahihiri 5.5.2 heterogeneity huanga 5.5.3 aro Arotahi 5.5.4 Whakahohe ohorere 5.5.5 Kia matatika 5.5.6 tohutohu hoahoa Final 5.6 Opaniraa kōrero atu ngohe 6 Matatika 6.1 Whakataki 6.2 E toru tauira 6.2.1 contagion aronganui 6.2.2 Reka, taura, me te Time 6.2.3 Encore 6.3 He rerekē Digital 6.4 wha parau tumu 6.4.1 Te whakaute mō te Tangata 6.4.2 i atawhai 6.4.3 Justice 6.4.4 Te whakaute mō te ture me te Public Interest 6.5 E rua anga matatika 6.6 Ngā wāhanga o te fifi 6.6.1 whakaae mōhio 6.6.2 matauranga me te whakahaere mōrearea mōhiohio 6.6.3 Tūmataitinga 6.6.4 whakatau Making i te mata o te papû ore 6.7 tohutohu Practical 6.7.1 Ko te IRB ko te patunga witi, e kore i te tuanui 6.7.2 Hoatu koe i roto i hu katoa o te atu 6.7.3 Fakakaukau o matatika rangahau rite tonu, e kore e motuhake 6.8 Opaniraa tāpiritanga Historical kōrero atu ngohe 7 Ko te heke mai 7.1 titiro foward 7.2 Kaupapa o te te heke mai 7.2.1 te papanga o Readymades ko Custommades 7.2.2 kohinga raraunga Melo-fakatefito 7.2.3 matatika i roto i te hoahoa rangahau 7.3 Hoki ki te timatanga whakaaetanga Tohutoro I hanga tēnei translation i te rorohiko. × You are reading the Open Review Edition of Bit by Bit . Click here to read the 1st Edition. 3.1 Whakataki Kairangahau e ako aihe e kore e taea e ui ratou mau uiraa. Na, kua takoha aihe kairangahau ki te ako whanonga. Kairangahau e ako te tangata, i runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, kia tango painga o te meka e taea to tatou kaiuru kōrero. kua tono iwi pātai kua ha konga mahu'inga o te rangahau pāpori hoki te wa roa, me te ao mamati taea e rua, me te titau etahi huringa i roto i te rangahau rangahau. Ahakoa te aau taia e ite wā etahi kairangahau rangahau, tatari ahau e te haere i te ao mamati ki te waiho i te tau koura o te rangahau rangahau. Ka taea te pakeke wehewehea te hītori o te rangahau rangahau ki toru wā inaki, wehea e rua whakawhitinga whakataetae (Groves 2011; Converse 1987) . Matau inaianei ko tatou i roto i te wā o te whakawhitinga i waenganui i te rua me te toru o nga wā, engari ko te tuatahi, me te tuarua o nga wā-me te whakawhitinga i waenganui ia ratou-whakarato matauranga ki te heke mai o te rangahau rangahau. I roto i te wā tuatahi o te rangahau rangahau, te pakeke te te tau 1930 - te tau 1960, whanaketanga i roto i te tīpako pūtaiao, me te hoahoa uiui āta hua i roto i te māramatanga hou o te rangahau rangahau. I āhuatanga i te wā tuatahi o te rangahau rangahau i te rohe tīpako tūponotanga me ngā uiuinga mata-ki-mata. Na, he whanaketanga-te tūringiringi whānui hangarau o waea founu i taonga whenua-te mutunga arahina ki te wā tuarua o te rangahau rangahau. Tenei wā tuarua, whakatuma i te tau 1960 - 2000, i te āhuatanga e te waeatanga mati tupurangi (RDD) tīpako tūponotanga, me te waea uiuiraa. Te huringa i te wā tuatahi ki te wā tuarua hua i roto i piki nui i roto i te pai, me te heke i roto i te utu. E rave rahi kairangahau whakaaro ki tenei wā tuarua rite te tau koura o te rangahau rangahau. Na, tetahi atu whanaketanga-te hangarau mamati tonu-ka faifai kawea tatou ki te wā tuatoru o te rangahau rangahau. Kei te peia tenei whakawhitinga i te pana e rua, me te wahia āhuatanga. I roto i te wahi, e takoha kairangahau ki te huri i te mea kei te whawhati iho huarahi i te wā tuarua i roto i te ao mamati (Meyer, Mok, and Sullivan 2015) . Hei tauira, e kore e nui noa atu te mau utuafare i waea founu, me te whakautu-kore reiti-whakautu e tango engari e kore e whai wāhi i roto i te rangahau-kua whakanui ake (Council 2013) . Tukutahi ki tenei rärangi o rua-era huarahi ki te tīpako me te te uiui, i reira he whakanui ake wātea o ngā pūtake raraunga nui (kite Chapter 2) e puta ki te whakawehi ki te whakakapi rangahau. I tua atu ki enei āhuatanga pana, i reira e wahia hoki ngā āhuatanga: whakahere te toru o nga huarahi wā whai wāhitanga maere, rite ka whakaatu ahau i roto i tenei pene. Ahakoa kore e mea rawa noho ano, tatari ahau e ka āhuatanga te toru o nga wā o te rangahau rangahau i te tīpako tūponotanga-kore, me ngā uiuinga rorohiko-whakahaere. I tua atu, ahakoa i te āhuatanga te wā mua i o ratou huarahi ki te tīpako me te te uiui, tatari ahau e ano e te toru o te wā o te rangahau rangahau kia āhuatanga e te hononga o rangahau ki ngā puna raraunga nui (Ripanga 3.1). Ripanga 3.1: E toru wā o te rangahau rangahau. Ka arotahi tēnei pene ki runga i te toru o nga wā o te rangahau rangahau: tīpako tūponotanga-kore, uiuitanga rorohiko-whakahaere, me rangahau hono ki ētahi atu raraunga. wā tīpako uiui taiao raraunga wā tuatahi Te tau 1930 - te tau 1960 Area tīpako tūponotanga Mata-ki-mata rangahau tu-anake wā tuarua Te tau 1960 - 2000 Random waea mati (RDD) tīpako tūponotanga waea rangahau tu-anake wā tuatoru 2000 - hakari tīpako Non-tūponotanga Rorohiko-whakahaere Rangahau hono ki ētahi atu raraunga E kore Kua te whakawhiti i waenganui i te wā tuarua, me te tuatoru o te rangahau rangahau i tino maheni, a reira kua tautohetohe mura nei e pā ana ki te pehea e puta kairangahau. Titiro ki muri i runga i te whakawhitinga i waenganui i nga wā tuatahi, me te tuarua, whakaaro ahau ki reira he kotahi matauranga matua mo tatou inaianei: e ​​kore ko te mutunga i te timatanga. Ko, te tīmatanga maha tikanga tuarua-era i ad-noa, me te kore i te mahi tino pai. Ko, i roto i te mahi pakeke, faatiti'aifarohia kairangahau enei raruraru, me huarahi tuarua-era pae hopea i pai ake huarahi tuatahi-era. Hei tauira, i kairangahau mahi waea mati matapōkere waea mō ngā tau maha i mua i Mitofsky me Waksberg whakawhanakehia he tikanga matapōkere mati waea tīpako i ngā āhuatanga mahi me te ariā pai (Waksberg 1978; Brick and Tucker 2007) . Ko te kupu, e kore e ti'a ia tatou whakapoauau i te āhua o ngā huarahi tuatoru-era o nāianei ki o ratou putanga hopea. hanga mārama te hītori o te rangahau rangahau e te huri mara, peia e huringa i roto i te hangarau me te hapori. Kahore he ara ki te mutu taua kukuwhatanga. Engari, e ti'a ia tatou awhi reira, ia tonu ki te utu whakaaro nui i wā o mua. I roto i te meka, whakapono ahau e ka riro i te ao mamati te ake tino whakaongaonga ano hoki tono iwi pātai. Te toenga o te pene e haamata na roto i te totohe e kore puna raraunga nui ka whakakapi rangahau me e te nui o te raraunga piki-kore heke-te uara o rangahau (Wāhanga 3.2). Hoatu taua hihiri, ka whakarāpopoto e ahau te katoa anga hapa rangahau (Wāhanga 3.3) i whakawhanakehia i roto i te wā tuatahi e rua o te rangahau rangahau. Tenei anga e āhei ia tatou ki te mahino huarahi hou ki te kanohi-i roto i ngā, tauira tūponotanga-kore (Wāhanga 3.4) -pea huarahi hou ki te inenga-i roto i ngā, ara hou o tono pātai ki ngā (Wāhanga 3.5). I te pae hopea, ka whakaahua ahau tauira rangahau e rua mō te hono raraunga rangahau ki ngā pūtake raraunga nui (Wāhanga 3.6). Powered by Open Review Toolkit × Close × Buy The Book Princeton University Press Amazon Barnes and Noble IndieBound