Aria   Ariā Ko te whakaaturanga i te mahi whakatere waka hourua te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga roa. [1] I roto i te ruangahurutanga o ngā tau kua pahure ake nei he waka hourua kua hangaia i runga i ngā tauira tawhito.   Ko ērā ētehi kaumoana ka akongia ngā mahi whakatere waka kia aratakina ai aua waka i runga anō i ngā tohutohu a te taiao anake.   I pēnei ai hei whakaora mai anō ngā mātauranga Māori e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui mā runga waka hourua. Arā rā tētehi rerenga o te waka hourua nō Aotearoa, ko Te Aurere, i te tau 1995.   I wehe te waka whakahirahira nei i Hawai'i, i te 1 o Pipiri, ā, i ū rawa atu ki Rarotonga i te 30 o Pipiri.   Ko te kaituhi nei tētehi o ngā kaumoana o runga.   Nō reira, he wāhanga nui i roto i te   tuhinga roa nei, hei tiro i te mahi whakatere waka hourua i mahingia i taua rerenga moana a Te Aurere. Hei whakaatu i te mahi whakatere waka hourua ka whakawehengia kia rima ngā kaupapa nui.   He whakatakoto huarahi kia tere ai te waka o te kaipānui i te māhoranui o te tuhinga roa nei. Tuatahi.   He wehe i te tauranga, he peka atu ki te whanga o ngā pukapuka.   He utanga ki reira e whakamārama ana i ngā whakapae, i ngā tautohetohe, i ngā whakahē, i ngā whakaae, kua tuhia, kua tāngia ki te pukapuka, kua whakaputaina ki te ao whānui. Tuarua.   He whai i ngā tapuwae o ngā waka hourua kua whakawhiti i ngā moana nui i te ao hou nei.   Kua whakarārangitia noa ngā rerenga nei, kia kite ai te kaipānui i rere mā whea ngā waka hourua, i ēnei tau ruangahuru tata nei. Tuatoru.   Ka whakaritea te waka o te kaipānui mō te whakawhitinga nui.   Ka wānangangia ētehi tikanga a te mahi whakatere waka hourua, i te ao hou nei.   He ara kia māmā mai ai ngā kōrero i te wāhanga e whai mai ana. Tuawhā.   Ka rere ngātahi mai i te taha o Te Aurere, i āna whakawhitinga mai i Hawai'i tae rawa atu ai ki tōna ūnga, ki Rarotonga.   He tātaritanga i taua rerenga i takahia ai i te tau 1995.   Ka kitea i pēwhea te mahi whakatere waka. Tuarima.   Ka hoki kōmuri mai ki te tōpū o ngā whakaaro, ki te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero, ki te whītiki o ngā kī, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaponotanga i puta nā te tirohanga ki te mahi whakatere waka hourua.   He Kupu Whakataki I tō te kākano aroha mō te kaupapa waka hourua nei, i te tau 1990, i ngā akoranga a Hoturoa Barclay-Kerr, i tōna manawa wera, i tōna wehiwehi, i te pīataata mai a ōna whatu i a ia e kōrero ana mō tāna terenga i runga i a Hōkūle’a.   Ka wana mai taku whāinga i ngā mahi a Te Aurere i te tau 1992.   Ka tupu i te raumati 1994, i te rironga tūranga kaumoana i runga i a Te Aurere, mai i Kāwhia, pōtere atu ai ki Ngāmotu.   Ka whakapakaritia e ngā wānanga tekau mā whā i tū ai i te awa o Te Aurere i ngā tau 1994-1995.   Ka whakapūāwai he aroha rahi tonu i tāku whakawhitinga mai i Hawai’i, ū rawa atu ai ki Rarotonga, i runga i a Te Aurere, i te marama o Pipiri, 1995. Ki tāku nei titiro, ki te wehe atu te tangata i ngā āhurutanga o tōna ake nei ao, kātahi ia ka noho wā roa i ngā ringaringa o ngā atua i runga i te rangi me ngā atua i runga i te moana, ka rerekē ōna mahara, ka rerekē āna tirohanga, ka rerekē tōna wairua.   Koia nei ngā āhuatanga ka pā mai ki a au i ngā rā 30 e rewa ana mātou i te Moananui-ā-Kiwa.   Nō reira, ko te tirohanga a te kaituhi nei, he tirohanga nā tētehi kua whakamātautaungia i te pae o waho. Nā konā pea, kua nui ōku nei whakapono ki ngā atua Māori.   Ki te mea atu au, ‘ko ngā tamariki a Tāwhiri-mātea e pupuhi mai ana’, kāore au e kōrero atu ana mō te hau noa iho, engari kei te kōrero kē au mō ngā tamariki a Tāwhiri-mātea i runga tonu i āku nei kitenga me tōku nei whakapono ki aua atua.   Anō rā ko te kōrero mō te Tuahiwinui-ā-Hinemoana, kāore au i te kōrero atu mō tētehi takiwā noa iho o te moana.   Ki a au, ehara i te takiwā noa iho, kei te moana nui a Hinemoana e takoto ana, e whātoro atu ana.   He wāhi tō ōna ringaringa, he wāhi tō ōna waewae, he wāhi anō tō tōna tuahiwi.   Nā ēnei wāhanga o ōna tinana ka whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga kei ngā takiwā o te Moananui-ā-Kiwa. He rahi tonu ngā mōhiotanga tawhito o ngā mātua tūpuna e pā ana ki te moana kua ngaro.   Nā te rahi o te whenua i te Ika-ā-Maui, ka ngaro haere ngā take hei hoki atu ki Hawaiki-roa, ki Hawaiki-nui, ki Hawaiki-pāmamao.   Ka ruarua haere ngā whakawhitinga nui i te moana, ā, tae rawa ki te wā ka noho   tūturu te iwi Māori ki ngā moutere nui nei.   Ka whakawhiti haere ki tua o te ārai ngā tohunga e pūpuri ana i ngā mātauranga   whakatere waka hourua.   Ka waiho ngā morehu kupu ki ngā karakia me ngā waiata tawhito.   He uaua te kitea, te mōhiotia, ko tēwhea whetū tērā e kōrerotia ana, ko tēwhea wāhanga o Tāwhiri-mātea tērā e āwhina ana, ko tēwhea wāhanga o Hine-moana tērā e taetae atu ana. Ko te mea e whakapono ana au, i taea ai e ngā tūpuna Māori te whakawhāiti i te   Moananui-ā-Kiwa, nō tō rātou mōhiotanga hōhonu ki te taiao me ngā atua o runga me ngā atua o raro.   I aratakina mai ngā kaiwhakatere e aua atua kia tae rawa atu ki te ūnga e hiahiatia ana.   Ahakoa kua ngaro noa ngā tohunga kaumoana, kei reira tonu ngā atua, ngā kaitiaki, ngā kaitohutohu, ngā kaiārahi. Ko ngā rerenga o ngā waka hourua i ēnei rā he rangahau mātauranga e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui me te whakatere waka hourua.   Ko te tūmanako kia haumanu anō te mōhiotanga   tawhito ki waenganui i ngā iwi o ngā moutere o te Moananui-ā-Kiwa.   He uaua te kī, e ōrite tonu ana te mahi whakatere waka a ngā kaiwhakatere waka i ēnei rā ki te mahi whakatere waka a ngā kaiwhakatere waka i neherā.   Engari ia, ko wai hoki ka whakahē i te whakaaro, e ōrite tonu ana ngā tirohanga.   Me kī, kei reira tonu aua atua i runga e arataki mai ana, kei reira tonu aua atua i raro e kawe tonu mai ana. He uaua rawa te whakatakoto kupu i te tuhinga nei, nā te mea, ehara tēnei i te tuhinga roa noa iho, engari he tuhinga i raro i ngā ture me ngā herenga a te Tohu Paerua i te Whare Wānanga o Waikato.   Nā kōnā, ka aukatingia te tuhi i ōku ake nei whakaaro me ōku ake nei whakapono.   Me tuhi kē ngā kupu ka taea te tautoko (ki tā te whakapono o tauiwi), ā, ka herengia e te wā, ka herengia hoki e te rahi o ngā kupu. Nō reira, he maha ngā mahara, he tini ngā mahi tinihanga, he tiketike ngā whakakitenga kua mahue mai nā.   He korewhai wāhanga i roto i tēnei tuhinga roa.   He wā anō, he tuhinga anō, hei whakaputa i aua kōrero. Ko ōku wāwata mō te tuhinga roa nei, kia whakahauorangia te mātauranga whakatere waka hourua, kia whakahau i ngā kaumoana hou ki te whakaputa ki te moana nui, kia whakaohoohongia anō ngā tirohanga me ngā rapu āwhina i te Whānau Mārama, i a Tāwhiri-mātea me ōna wāhanga, i a Tangaroa hoki me ōna wāhanga.   He pūtake āwhina, he puna aroha i reira, e kore rawa e mimiti. Kia ora rā. He Tuku Aroha Me he waka hourua au, ko ngā takere kua tō i te kura waka o Papatuanuku, kua pihi ake i te tomairangi o Ranginui, ā, kua pakeke nā ngā tiakitanga o ā rāua tamariki katoa.   Ka taka mai te tauira i Rangiātea.   He waka hourua kua tāraia e ōku nei tūpuna mātua.   Ko ngā rā he taonga tuku iho i te taha o tōku matua, i te taha Pākehā.   Ko ngā rākau katoa, he mea tuku iho i te taha o tōku whaea, otirā, ko tētehi tokotū i whakatupu i Waikato-Maniapoto, ko tētehi tokotū i whakatipu i Ngāti Porou. Ka kī ngā rā i te hau ka whakapā mai, nā koutou rā kua whakawhetūrangitia.   Ko koe tonu tēnā Nan, kōrua ko tō tama tuku ingoa mai, koutou katoa.   E te hāpai ō, e Hilda, noho mai nā i te taha o tērā reo i kumea mātou ki Rarotonga, tērā reo aroha a Tereapi, ko kōrua tonu kei runga i ngā ngaru.   E kī ana te kōrero, ‘he wini raro, he homai aroha’.   Moe mai, moe mai, moe mai.   Kāti. Ko te hoe matua o te waka hourua nei, he mea urungia e ōku nei whaea, he wā ko tō ringa tēnā e aku ake nei, he wā anō ko tōu e Auntie Colleen, e Haupai, e Terehia, ā, he wā nunui kua kapinga e tōu,   e Te Rita.   Ko ngā hoe piripiri he mea whakamaua e ōku nei tuākana, e ōku nei tēina, e ōku nei tuāhine. Ko ngā taura whakaaraara, ngā taura kutikuti, he mea kua hangaia i te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, i raro i te manaaki me te tiāki o ōku nei rangatira, o ōku nei whaea, o ngā tuākana me ngā tuāhine. Ko tētehi utanga nui e kawe ana i te waka, he mea tuku iho, e te ‘chief’, e Hekenukumai, he taonga whakahirahira.   Anō hoki, he wāhanga nui tāu, e taku rangatira, e Hotu.   He rironga nui tonu kua tukua e koe, e Jacko.   Ko ngā taputapu he mea homai e ōku nei hoa kaumoana katoa, nā tō koutou tini e kore e taea e au te whakaingoa, ahakoa taku hiahia. Ko ngā kaumoana o te waka hourua nei, ko ngā kaipānui i ngā whārangi, ko ngā kaiwhakarongo ki ngā kupu.   He tūtakitaki-ā-wairua.   Ko te tūmanako, he hua ka tuku ki ngā puna o taku moko, otirā, ki ngā puna o ngā moko whānui.   Kia kaua ngā kaumoana nei e tiro ana ki ngā pūpeka o te waka nei, engari kia rapungia ngā taonga hei kawenga mā koutou. Nō reira, e te waka hourua, tēnei au, tēnei au, e mihi atu ana, e aroha atu ana, e tangi atu ana, e tangi atu ana.   Tēnā anō rā, koutou katoa. Rārangi Ūpoko Taitara .................................................................................................................... i Waerea ................................................................................................................. ii Ariā ........................................................................................................................ iii Kupu Whakataki ............................................................................................... v Tuku Aroha ...................................................................................................... viii Rārangi Ūpoko .................................................................................................. x Rārangi Pikitia ................................................................................................. xii Rārangi Whakaahua ..................................................................................... xii Ngā Rārangi .................................................................................................... xiv Ūpoko I:    He Kōrero Kē Te Pukapuka ................................................. 1 He Whakamārama ................................................................................ 1 Ngā Whakaaro Tuatahi O Tauiwi .................................................... 2 Ngā Whiunga Kupu A Sharp. .......................................................... 3 Ngā Mahi Rangahau ............................................................................. 5 Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho A Te Iwi Māori ............................................ 6 Te Whakatau O Nāianei ...................................................................... 7 Ūpoko II:    Whakatere Ana Poupaka ...................................................... 8 He Whakamārama ..................................................................................... 8 Hōkūle’a .......................................................................................................... 9 1976   Hawai’i - Tahiti - Hawai’i ................................................................ 10 1978 Ka Tahuri A Hōkūle’a ............................................................ 12 1980   Hawai’i - Tahiti - Hawai’i ....................................................... 12 1985-1987   Te Moananui-ā-Kiwa ................................................ 14 Ka Haere ki Aotearoa ....................................................................... 14 Ka Hoki ki Hawai’i ................................................................................ 14 1992   Hawai’i - Tahiti - Kuki Airani - Tahiti - Hawai’i .............. 16 Hawaiki-nui .................................................................................................. 17 Te Aurere .................................................................................................... 18 1992 Aotearoa - Rarotonga-Aotearoa .................................................... 19 1993-1994   Taiāwhio i te Ika-ā-Maui ....................................................... 19 Ngā Rerenga I Te Tau 1995 .............................................................. 20 Whakarāpopotonga ................................................................................ 23 Ūpoko III:    He Waewae Kai Kapua ..................................................... 24 He Whakamārama .................................................................................. 24 Te Whakarite Huarahi ............................................................................ 25 Te Whakawehewehe I Ngā Pae ............................................................... 25 Te Whakakake ki Te Hau .......................................................................... 28 Ngā Whakawhitinga Whakaaro ................................................................ 30 Ngā Whakaritenga Waka ..................................................................... 30 He Mahi Tūturu ....................................................................................... 30 Te Arataki I Te Waka ............................................................................. 34 Te Tere O Te Waka ................................................................................... 34 Te Aronga O Te Waka .............................................................................. 35 Te Ārahi o Te Whānau Mārama ............................................................... 35 Tamanui-te-Rā ....................................................................................... 36 Te Marama ............................................................................................. 37 Ngā Whetū ............................................................................................. 39 Ngā Whetū Ao ....................................................................................... 42 Te Ārahi o Tangaroa .................................................................................. 43 Te Ārahi o Tāwhiri-mātea .......................................................................... 43 Te Rapu Whenua .................................................................................... 44 He Whakarāpopoto ................................................................................ 47 Ūpoko IV:    He Pukepuke Moana .......................................................... 48 He Whakamārama .................................................................................. 48 Te Whakarite Huarahi ............................................................................ 49 Te Ara Moana i Whakarite ........................................................................ 50 Ngā Māharahara ........................................................................................ 54 Ngā Kaumoana ..................................................................................... 55 Te Poti Tautoko ..................................................................................... 56 Ngā Herenga Me Ngā Taputapu Pākehā ........................................... 57 Te Arataki I Te Waka ............................................................................. 60 Ngā Rerenga .............................................................................................. 60 Wāhanga I   1-7 Pipiri:   21° 19'N - 07° 02'N ........................................ 61 Wāhanga II 8-16 Pipiri: 07° 02'N - 01°08' S ....................................... 63 Wāhanga IIIa 16-24 Pipiri:   01°08' S - 10°02' S ................................. 65 Wāhanga IIIb 24-30 Pipiri: 10°02' S -21°14' S ................................... 68 Ngā Tohutohu O Ngā Atua ........................................................................ 70 Te Ārahi a Te Whānau Mārama .......................................................... 70 Te Ārahi a Tangaroa ............................................................................. 73 Ngā Tamariki a Tangaroa .................................................................... 75 Te Ārahi a Tāwhiri-mātea ..................................................................... 76 Te Mahi Tatau O Te Kaiwhakatere Waka ..................................... 77 He Kupu Takataka ..................................................................................... 77 Ngā Tatau Nui E Rua ................................................................................. 78 Ngā Nama Tauira E Whitu ........................................................................ 78 Te Aronga Mā Te Whare O Ngā Reo ................................................. 81 E Rua Noti Te Tere O Te Waka ........................................................... 82 E Ono Hāora Te Roa O Te Rerenga ................................................... 83 Ētehi Tauira Nō Te Rerenga ..................................................................... 84 Te Pō I Te 4 o Pipiri .............................................................................. 84 Te Rā 26 o Pipiri ................................................................................... 86 Ngā Rerenga a Te Waka .......................................................................... 88 Te Rapu Whenua .................................................................................... 90 He Tirohanga Whakamuri .................................................................... 91 Ngā Āwhina a te Mīhini Pākehā ........................................................... 93 He Whakarāpopoto ................................................................................ 96 Ūpoko V    Te Whītiki I Te Kī ................................................................... 97 Ngā Āpitihanga ........................................................................................... 101 He Kupu Waka Hourua ...................................................................................................... 101 Ngā Nama O Ngā Pae ......................................................................................................... 102 70 Whetū Nui .............................................................................................................................. 104 Ētehi Rerenga A Te Whānau Mārama .................................................................... 108 Ngā Wāhi Rere .......................................................................................................................... 121 Ngā Puna Kōrero ....................................................................................... 125 Ngā Kaikōrero ............................................................................................................................ 125 Ngā Pūmanawa Rorohiko ................................................................................................ 125 Ngā Rīpene Whakaata ........................................................................................................ 126 Ngā Pukapuka Tautoko ..................................................................................................... 126 Te Rārangi Pikitia Pikitia   1:    Hōkūle’a II By Herb Kawainui Kane ....................................... 9   2:    Ētehi waka i Rarotonga ........................................................ 16   3:     Te Aurere ............................................................................ 20   4:    He āwhā i te moana .............................................................. 67   5:    “The Arrival Of   New Zealand Maoris” ................................. 99   6:    Ngā kaumoana a Te Aurere, Pipiri 30, 1995. .......................... 99 Te Rārangi Whakaahua Whakaahua 1: ......... Tahiti ki Hawai’i 1976   .......................................... 11 2 : ........ Hawai’i ki Tahiti 1976 ............................................ 11 3: ......... Ngā Rerenga a Hōkūle’a i te tau 1980 ..................... 13 4:   ........ Hawai’i ki Aotearoa 1985 ....................................... 15 5: ......... Aotearoa ki Hawai’i   1986-1987 ............................. 15 6: ......... Ngā Rerenga a Te Aurere i te tau 1995 .................... 23 7: .......... Ngā Pae nō Te Ao Pākehā .................................... 26 8: ......... Ngā Pae nō te Ao Māori ........................................ 26 9: ......... Te Kāpehu nā Nainoa ............................................ 27 10: ....... Te Kāpehu nā Te Aurere ........................................ 27 11: ....... Ngā Hā Hei Nuku Te Waka Whakamua .................. 29 12: ....... Ngā Hau Kore-Nuku .............................................. 29 13: ....... Tamanui i te Raumati ............................................ 36 14: ....... Tamanui i te Ngahuru/Kōhanga .............................. 36 15: ....... Tamanui i te Takurua ............................................. 36 16: ....... Te Marama i te Pō 1 ............................................. 38 17: ....... Te Marama i te Pō Pō 6-7 ..................................... 38 18: ....... Te Marama i te Pō Pō 13-14 .................................. 38 19: ....... Rerenga Whetū i te Raumati ................................... 40 20: ....... Rerenga Whetū i te Takurua ................................... 40 21: ....... Te Rerenga a Māhutonga ....................................... 41 22: ....... Ētehi Manu nō te Moana ........................................ 45 23: ....... Te Ara Moana I Whakaritea ................................... 51 24: ....... Wāhanga   1   Te Tīmatanga .................................... 61 25: ....... Wāhanga II   Te Tuahiwinui-ā-Hinemoana ................ 63 26: ....... Wāhanga   IIIa   Te Nohopuku Tuarua ..................... 65 27: ....... Wāhanga   IIIb   Te Whakaotinga ............................. 68 28: ....... Ka aro te waka ki 'Ngā Reo' ................................... 71 29: ....... Ka Aro Te Waka ki ‘Haka’ .................................... 71 30: ....... Ngā Amotai i te Aronga ki ‘Ngā Reo’ ..................... 74 31: ....... Ngā Amotai i te Aronga ki ‘Haka’ .......................... 74 32: ....... Ngā Tawhiti, inā mā te Tonga te Ara Moana ............ 79 33: ....... Te Ara Moana i Takahia e Te Aurere ...................... 92 34: ....... Ngā Nama Pae Nā Te Kaiwhakatere ...................... 102 35: ....... Ngā Nama Pae Nā Te Pākehā ............................... 103 ...............   Ngā Rārangi Rārangi   1:    Ngā Rerenga a Te Aurere, Pipiri, 1995 ................................ 88   2:    He Kupu Waka Hourua .................................................... 101   3:    70 Whetū Nui ................................................................... 104   4:    70 Wetū Nui anō .............................................................. 106   5:    Te Rerenga a Tamanui-te-Rā, i te tau 1995 ........................ 108   6:    Te Rerenga a te marama, i te tau 1995 ............................... 111   7:    Te Rerenga a Kōpū, i te tau 1995 ...................................... 113   8:    Te Rerenga a Pareārau, i te tau 1995 .................................. 115   9:    Te Rerenga a Takurua, i te tau 1995 .................................. 117 10:    Te Rerenga a Poutū-te-Rangi, i te tau 1995 ....................... 119 11:    Tā te Gps Wāhi Rere ....................................................... 121 12:    Tā te kaiwhakatere Wāhi Rere. ......................................... 123 [1] I roto i tēnei tuhinga ko te tikanga o 'whakatere waka' ko te aro, ko te ārahi me te arataki o te waka.   Ehara kē i te kōrero mō te hanga waka, mō te whakapakari waka, mō te mahi rānei kia rere ai te waka, engari ia ko te tirohanga, ‘i pēwhea te kaihautu i mōhio ai kei whea te waka’.