Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged - CS Unplugged

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https://www.csunplugged.org/mi/computational-thinking/
Title:
Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged - CS Unplugged
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Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged - CS Unplugged Reo English Deutsch Español Te Reo Māori 简体中文 Kaupapa He Rauemi Tānga Mō Tēnei Kāinga Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged Whārangi mō mātou Mō Tēnei Te Whakaaro Rorohiko me CS Unplugged Ngā Mātāpono Tāngata Whakapā mai He aha te Whakaaro Rorohiko? Kua huri tēnei ao e noho nei tātou hei ao matihiko, kua kī i te hangarau, kua whakakahangia e te pūtaiao rorohiko. Kua whakahuria ngā marau katoa, me ngā momo tūmahi katoa e te hangarau me ngā pūmanawa rorohiko, mai i te pūtaiao me te rongoā ki te mātai hinengaro me te rangahau toi ataata. He hangarau matihiko ka kitea, puta noa i te ao. Kia whakamanatia, kia whai mōhio hoki ngā kirirarau, me mōhio rawa te whakatipuranga hou o ngā ākonga ki tēnei ao hangarau matihiko e noho nei rātou. Ko tēnei te take, e kīia ai te Whakaaro Rorohiko he 'kete pukenga rau tau 21'. Koia hoki te take he tino kaupapa ako tēnei mō te tangata ahakoa ko wai. He mōhiotanga nui tēnei, kia mārama ki ngā nekenekehanga o te ao hangarau matihiko, me te whakamahi i te rorohiko ki te whakaoti rapanga uaua, kia puta ai ngā otinga pai! He pai hoki tēnei kia taea ai te whakaaro hōhonu mō ngā painga o ngā momo hangarau, me ngā raru hoki, ngā pānga matatika, me ngā pānga pokerehū. Heoi anō, he aha tēnei mea te Whakaaro Rorohiko? Anei te whakapapa hangarau... "Ko te "Whakaaro Rorohiko" tētahi momo tukanga whakaaro e whakamahia ki te wetewete i ngā āhuatanga o tētahi rapanga, me ngā otinga, kia whakatakotoria hei tauira e tika ana kia whakahaerengia e te rorohiko, i tētahi atu pūnaha whakahaere i te mōhiohio rānei." Cuny, Snyder, Wing, 2010 Auē! Te pīroiroi hoki! Heoi anō, ki a mātou o te CS Unplugged, he nui ngā kupu, he ngāwari ngā huatau! Ko te tikanga o te 'kaikawe tukatuka mōhiohio', ko tētahi mea kei te whai i ngā tohutohu kia oti ai tētahi mahi (arā, ko te 'mahi rorohiko'). I te nuinga o ngā wā he rorohiko tēnei 'kaikawe', ko tētahi atu momo pūrere matihiko rānei, heoi, he tangata pea rānei! Heoi anō, kia ngāwari te kōrero i konei, ka kīia he rorohiko. Kia taea ai e ngā rorohiko te whai i ngā tohutohu, me āta raupapa aua tohutohu - ka kīia tērā he hātepe . Ki te hanga i aua otinga hātepe, me whakamahi i ētahi pūkenga motuhake hei whakaoti rapanga. Koinei ngā pūkenga o te Whakaaro Rorohiko! Waihoki he pūkenga pai ēnei mō ngā tūmomo mahi katoa. Tērā pea ka kīia ko te Whakaaro Rorohiko te 'whakaaro pērā ki te Kaipūtaiao Rorohiko', engari i ēnei rā, he pūkenga nui ēnei momo mōhiotanga kia ako te tangata, ahakoa ka pīrangi kia mahi hei kaipūtaiao rorohiko, kāore rānei! Ko te mea rerekē nei, ehara i te mea mō te rorohiko anake ēnei mea te whakaaro rorohiko me te pūtaiao rorohiko, engari mā te tangata rawa ēnei. Tērā e pōhēhētia ka tuhiwaehere tātou mō te rorohiko, engari, ka tuhi waehere tātou mā te tangata - ki te hāpai i te whakawhitiwhiti me te rapu mōhiohio me te whakaoti i ngā rapanga. Hei tauira, ka whakamahi pea koe i te taupānga o tō waea pūkoro ki te rapu i te ara ki te whare o tō hoa; he tauira papatono rorohiko te taupānga, ā, ko te waea pūkoro te "kaikawe tukatuka mōhiohio" e whakahaere ana i te papatono mā tātou. Ahakoa ko wai te tangata nāna nei te hātepe i hoahoa hei kimi i te ara pai rawa atu, me ngā āhuatanga katoa pērā i te atanga, ka pēhea hoki te whakaputu i te mahere, nāna i whakamahi i te whakaaro rorohiko hei hoahoa i te pūnaha. Heoi anō, kāore i hoahoatia e rātou mā te waea pūkoro noa iho; i hoahoatia e rātou hei āwhina i te tangata e whakamahi ana i te waea pūkoro. Te Whakaaro Rorohiko kei roto i te CS Unplugged Kei roto i ngā akomanga, me ngā wāhanga o CS Unplugged, he maha ngā hononga ki te Whakaaro Rorohiko. Mā te whakaako i te Whakaaro Rorohiko mā ngā mahinga o CS Unplugged e ako ai ngā ākonga ki te: whakaahua i tētahi rapanga, tautuhi i ngā meka nui hei whakaoti i tēnei rapanga, whakawāhi i te rapanga ki ngā wāhanga mahi iti, arorau hoki, whakamahia ngā wāwāhinga ki te waihanga i tētahi tukanga (hātepe) e whakaoti ai te rapanga, kātahi ka aromātai i tēnei tukanga. He pūkenga ēnei ka taea te whakawhiti atu ki marautanga kē, heoi anō, he tino hāngai ki te waihanga i ngā pūnaha hangarau matihiko me te whakaoti rapanga mā ngā āheitanga o te rorohiko. Ka honohono, ka tautoko hoki katoa ēnei ariā Whakaaro Rorohiko, engari ko te mea nui kia mōhio kāore e kitea ngā āhuatanga katoa o te Whakaaro Rorohiko i roto i ia wāhanga ako, i ia akoranga rānei. Kua tīpako mātou i ngā hononga whakahirahira i roto i ia wāhanga ako, i ia akoranga hoki kia mātakitaki ai koe i ō ākonga e mahi ana. He maha ngā tautuhinga mō te Whakaaro Rorohiko, heoi anō, mō te nuinga, ka kitea te huinga pūkenga e 5, e 6 rānei o ngā pūkenga whakaoti rapanga. Mō te hinonga Unplugged, kua whakatau mātou i ngā pūkenga Whakaaro Rorohiko e ono kei raro nei. Ka kitea whānuitia ēnei pūkenga i roto i ngā tuhinga rangahau; ka whakamāramatia ēnei kei raro, kei te mutunga hoki o ia akomanga Unplugged, me te whakamārama hoki i pēhea i tipu ai aua pūkenga i roto i ngā mahi kia kite ai koe i ngā hononga ki te Whakaaro Rorohiko. Ngā Pūkenga Whakaaro Rorohiko Te Whakaaro Hātepe Ka noho te hātepe hei ngākau mō te Whakaaro Rorohiko me te Pūtaiao Rorohiko, nā te mea, mō te pūtaiao rorohiko, ehara te whakautu te mea nui (hei tauira: '42', ko tētahi meka noa iho rānei), ko te hātepe te mea nui. Ko te hātepe he tohutohu māmā e āta rārangihia ana hei whakaoti rapanga. Ina whāia te raupapa o te hātepe kia tika, ka tae ki te otinga tika, ahakoa ngā tāuru. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia tētahi hātepe ki te kimi i te ara poto rawa mai i tētahi tūnga i te mahere, ki tētahi atu; ka taea te whakamahi i te hātepe ōrite mō ngā ara katoa, ahakoa te tīmatanga me te whakamutunga. Ka rerekē te tāuru ki te hātepe ka rerekē te otinga. Heoi anō, mehemea ka mōhio tātou i te hātepe hei whakaoti i te rapanga, he ngāwari te whakaoti, ahakoa te aha, me te kore whakaaro! Ka whāia noatia e tātou ngā tohutohu o te hātepe. Kāore e taea e te rorohiko te whakaaro, nā reira e hangaia ngā hātepe, kia taea e te rorohiko te whakaoti rapanga. Ko te whakaaro hātepe, te tukanga mō te waihanga i ngā hātepe. Ina waihanga te tangata i te hātepe, ki te whakaoti i tētahi rapanga, ka kīia tērā te otinga hātepe. He torutoru noa iho ngā wāhanga o ngā hātepe tātai (arā, ko ngā momo ka taea te whakahaere ki ngā pūrere matihiko), nā te mea he torutoru noa iho ngā momo tohutohu ka taea e ērā pūrere matihiko te whai; ko ngā mahi matua a aua pūrere matihiko ko te tiki tāuru, te tuku tāputa, te rokiroki i ngā uara, te whai i ngā tohutohu kua raupapangia, te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa, me te tāruarua i ngā tohutohu kei roto i tētahi koromeke. Ahakoa he ruarua noa iho ngā tohutohu, ko ērā te katoa o ngā āhuatanga ka taea e te pūrere matihiko te tātai, ā, nā tēnei ka kīia ai he whāititanga ō te hātepe i ēnei huānga. Waitaratanga Ko te tino whāinga o te waitaratanga, ko te whakangāwari i ngā kaupapa matatini. Me tautuhi ngā āhuatanga nui o te rapanga, te huna hoki i ngā tini āhuatanga kāore i te tino hāngai. Mā te wetewete i ngā āhuatanga whakahirahira e taea ai te waihanga i tētahi tauira, āhuahanga ngāwari rānei o te rapanga e aro atu ana tātou. Kātahi, ka taea e tātou te whai i taua tauira hei whakaoti rapanga, kia kaua e aro ki ngā tini āhuatanga iti i te wā kotahi. Ka mahi ai te Kaipūtaiao Rorohiko i ngā kaupae waitaratanga maha. Ka whakamahia noatia te waitaratanga e te tangata ia rā, ko tētahi tauira, ko te whakamahi i ngā mahere whenua. Kei te mahere, he whakaaturanga ngāwari o te whenua, me te mahue atu ko ngā mea iti pērā ki ngā rākau maha i te ngahere, ā, ka mau tonu ngā mōhiohiotanga whakahirahira anake e hiahiatia ana e te tangata, pērā ki ngā ingoa o ngā huarahi me ngā rōri. Ka whakamahi ngā pūrere matihiko i te waitaratanga i ngā wā katoa; ka hunaia ngā mōhiohio take kore e taea ana i te kaiwhakamahi. Hei tauira, ina hiahia koe ki te whakatika i ngā tae o te whakaahua o tō haerenga ki tāwāhi, ka huakina ki te taupānga whakatika pikitia, ka nekehia ngā rēreti tae, ka whakamahia tētahi tātari kano rānei. He maha ngā mahinga whīwhiwhi o te rorohiko, engari ka hunaia te nuinga o ērā. Ka utaina tō whakaahua ki te rorohiko hei rārangi roa o ngā tongi-iti, he rerekē ngā tae, ā, he nama te whakaahuahanga mō ia tongi-iti, he mati tāhūrua ia nama! He maha te mōhiohio kore rawa e taea te whakatikatika i ngā uara kano o ia tongi-iti! Ko tērā kē te mahi a te rorohiko, nā te mea kāore he take kia mōhio koe ki aua mahi a te rorohiko ka hunaia. Whakamatariki Ko te whakamatariki te whakawehewehe i te rapanga kia kitea ai ngā wāhanga iti, kia ngāwari ai hoki te whakahaere, kātahi ka taea te whakaoti i ēnei rapanga paku nei. Ka taea te whakawehewehe i ngā rapanga matatini ki ngā wāhanga iti, kia ngāwari ai te whakaoti. Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei otinga e hangaia ai te otinga nui katoa. Mā te whakamatariki e patua ai te taniwha whakamataku o ngā rapanga nui! Ko te whakamatariki tētahi pūkenga nui hei waihanga hātepe, hei waihanga tukanga hoki e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā pūrere matihiko, nā te mea, me tino whāiti te aronga o ngā tohutohu ki ngā rorohiko. Me āta tohutohu mō ia takahanga paku nei, he whāinga kia tutuki ai ngā mahi. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamatariki i te mahi tunu keke, ki ngā mahinga iti iho, kia ngāwari ai te whakaoti i ia wāhanga o te mahi. Mahi Keke Tunu Keke Tukua ngā rawa ki te oko (pata, huka, hēki, puehu paraoa) Whakaranuhia Tukua ki te kēne Whakaurua ki te umu kia 30 miniti te roa Tangohia i te kēne Mahia te pani reka Pania ki runga i te keke Te whakatau whānui me ngā tauira Ka kīia hoki te 'whakatau whānui' ko 'te hopu tauira me te whakatau whānui'. Ko te 'whakatau whānui', ko te whakamahinga o tētahi otinga rapanga (he wahanga o te otinga rānei), kātahi ka whakawhānuitia taua otinga kia hāngai ki tētahi atu kaupapa, rapanga rānei, mahi rānei. Nā te mea he hātepe ngā otinga o te pūtaiao rorohiko, ka whakawhānuitia te hātepe kia taea ai te whakamahi i ngā rapanga maha. Ki te whakawhānuitia te hātepe, ka whakamahia te waitaratanga, nā te mea, kia whakawhānuitia tētahi kaupapa, me tango ngā taipitopito e hāngai ana ki ngā horopaki whāiti noa kia waiho ake ai ngā āhuatanga nui o te hātepe. "Ruia taitea, kia tū ko taikaka anake". Ko te kimi i ngā tauira tētahi wāhanga nui o tēnei tukanga. Ki te tīmata te tangata ki te whakaaro mō te rapanga, ka kitea pea ngā āhuatanga ōrite, ā, ka whāia te tauira kia pērā hoki te whakaoti i te rapanga hou. Ka kīia tēnei te rapu tauriterite, ā, ka whakamahia whānuitia e te tangata i āna mahi ia rā, ia rā. Ka taea te hangarua i ngā hātepe whakawhānui mō ngā momo rapanga āhua rite, kia ngāwari ai te waihanga i ngā otinga rapanga hou. Arotakenga Mā te arotake, ka rapua ngā otinga e taea ana mō tētahi rapanga, kātahi ka whiriwhiri ko tēhea te otinga pai ake, ko tēhea e hāngai ana ki ētahi horopaki - kaua ki ētahi atu, ā, ka whakaaro hoki me pēhea te whakapai i te otinga kia kaha ake. I a tātou e arotake ana i te otinga, ka whakaaro hoki mō ngā āhuatanga maha. Me whakaaro mō te roa o te wā ka pau kia oti ai te hātepe (tukanga rānei). Ka whakaaro hoki mō te āhei o te hātepe ki te whakaoti i te rapanga, mō te tika, me ngā pānga o te horopaki rerekē. He mahi nui te arotake mā te tangata ia rā ia rā. He maha ngā huarahi hei arotake i ā mātou otinga hātepe. Ka āhei te ine i te tere o te hātepe ki te rorohiko; ka kaute rānei i ngā hipanga mahi o te hātepe. Ka whakamātauria te otinga mā te tuku i ngā tāurutanga maha, mā te āta arotake hoki i ngā putanga. Ina pērā te arotake, me mātua whakaaro mō ngā tāurutanga e tika ana, nā te mea, kāore pea e taea te whakamātau i ngā tāurutanga katoa (mō ētahi hātepe, kāore he mutunga mō ngā tāurutanga ka taea!). Heoi anō me arotake tonu te tika o te hātepe ina he rerekē ngā tāuru. Ko te whakamātautau i ngā pūnaha tētahi o ngā mahi nui mō ngā kaipūtaiao rorohiko. Nā te mea, kāore e taea te whakamātautau i ngā tāuru katoa, ka arotekengia te pūnaha mā te whakaaro arorau. Arorau Ki te whakaoti rapanga, me whakaaro arorau tātou. Ka whakamahia te whakaaro arorau ki te kimi māramatanga, mā te āta titiro, mā te kohikohi raraunga hoki, mā te whakaaro hoki mō ngā mea kei te mōhiotia kētia, kātahi ka whiriwhiri i te otinga i runga i aua mōhiotanga. Mā te whakaaro arorau e pai ake ai te whakamahi mōhiotanga hei waihanga i ngā whakatau, hei arotake hoki i ngā meka. Hei tauira, mō te waihanga i tētahi papatono e whakatau ana i te ara poto rawa atu i tō whare ki tētahi atu wāhi. Kei te mahere ki raro nei, e 2 ngā miniti ki te whare pukapuka, ina ahu whakateraki atu i tō whare. Ina ahu atu koe ki te tonga, e 3 miniti ki te rīpekatanga o ngā huarahi. Mehemea ka whakaaro koe mō te ara pai e tīmata ai ki te ahu whakatetonga, mā te whakaaro arorau ka mōhio koe, kāore he ara poto ki te tonga nā te mea, ka pau te 3 miniti ki te hīkoi ki te rīpekatanga noa iho. Mēnā ka hōhonu ake te tirohanga, ka kite tātou ka hangaia tonu ngā rorohiko ki te arorau noa iho. Ka whakamahia ngā uara 'Pono' me te 'Hē', me ngā kīanga 'Boolean' pērā ki te "mēnā pakeke > 5", ki te whakatau i ngā mahi a te papatono rorohiko. Ki te rapu i te hapa kei roto i tētahi papatono, me whakamahi te whakaaro arorau, kia kimi ai, kei whea, nā te aha hoki i hē ai te mahi a te papatono. Kei te kimi i ngā rauemi mō ngā wharekura? Tirohia te Computer Science Field Guide . Ko te aronga tuatahi mō tēnei kaupapa Unplugged, ko te whakanui i te Pūtaiaio Rorohiko (me ngā mahinga rorohiko whānui) mō ngā taiohi, hei kaupapa whakakoakoa, whakarekareka hoki, whakahiki hoki i te hinengaro mō rātou. Pānui anō mō ō mātou mātāpono ki konei . He Hononga Hei Whakamahi Mō Tēnei Kaupapa He Rauemi Tānga Hapori Tīhau YouTube GitHub Āwhina Kuputaka Whakahoki Kōrero Whakapā mai English | Deutsch | Español | Te Reo Māori | 简体中文 Kua tukuna ngā rauemi CS Unplugged hei rauemi whakatuwhera pūtake ki GitHub , ā, kua tuaritia ngā ihirangi o te pae tukutuku kei raro i te Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license . He kaupapa te CS Unplugged nā te Computer Science Education Research Group kei Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha , Aotearoa. 4.2.1 × Kāore e taea te tautuhi mō te reo Te Reo Māori, aroha mai! Katia